CALIFORNIANS ARE VOTING on whether they approve of their democratically elected governor, and if not, who should replace him.

Here is a look at how the recall election works in the most populous and wealthiest state in the United States.

What’s the question?

There are two.

The first is: “Shall Gavin Newsom be recalled from the office of governor?” It’s a straight yes/no requiring a simple majority (50% plus one vote) either way.

If the answer is “no,” normal service is resumed, and Newsom serves out the remaining 18 months of his term.

If it’s a “yes,” part two comes into play: “Who should replace him?”

Whoever gets the largest number of votes in that question – regardless of whether that person even wins an absolute majority – takes Newsom’s job.

Who’s on that list?

Not Newsom. The sitting governor is not allowed to put himself forward. His Democratic Party has not endorsed a candidate either, so if he loses, the field is wide open.

Most of the list of 40-odd challengers are Republicans; chief among them is talk radio star Larry Elder, a Black former lawyer who benefited from affirmative action and now rails against it.

Others include former San Diego mayor Kevin Faulconer, defeated gubernatorial candidate John Cox and reality TV star Caitlyn Jenner.

There is also a YouTuber called Kevin Paffrath, a self-described Billboard Queen and a Green Party candidate whose manifesto is simply “Can you dig it?”

Didn’t Newsom win his election?

Handsomely. In the 2018 vote he got almost 62%, against Cox’s 38%.

That majority is not surprising given how heavily California leans left. Registered Democrats outnumber registered Republicans by two to one.

Newsom’s mandate should take him to January 2023.

So why are they voting again now?

Every governor in the last five decades has faced at least one recall attempt. Usually those efforts fail.

But California’s electoral rules mean that the bar to getting a recall up and running is quite low. Malcontents need only gather signatures equivalent to 12% of the number of people who voted in the last election – in this case, that figure was 1.5 million.

California’s population is around 40 million.

Attempts to recall Newsom were plodding along and looked like they were going nowhere, even as Covid-19 and the unpopular lockdowns hit.

But then he was snapped having dinner at the fancy French Laundry restaurant without a mask, and with far more people than his own social distancing rules allowed.

That crystallised the idea that he was elitist and out of touch with people, and propelled the petition over the line.

Is everyone happy about it?

Critics say the relatively small number of signatures required to trigger a recall means the process is too easy.

They further charge that the structure of the question means the incumbent could get 49.9% of the vote and be out on his ear, while a challenger takes his job by scooping up just 15% of ballots.

Democrats complain that the Republican-led recall is an attempt to hijack the state’s government; seizing power in extraordinary circumstances when they could never do it in a regular poll.

Republicans say it’s not partisan, and insist many Californians are annoyed with Newsom’s handling of the pandemic, particularly financially burdened small business-owners, and parents whose children were kept home from school.

Whichever side of the argument they fall, what most people agree is that the cost of today’s ballot – at around $280 million (€237m) – is a lot of money.

What’s likely to happen?

History is on Newsom’s side.

Only one recall has ever succeeded: Arnold Schwarzenegger ousted unpopular Democrat Gray Davies in 2003.

Arnie, who ended up running the state for more than seven years, was the Golden State’s last Republican governor.

After a shaky start, Newsom now seems set to avoid a similar termination, with respected poll-crunching website fivethirtyeight.com predicting 55% will vote to keep him.

- © AFP 2021.