One of the evacuees was an elderly woman who had fallen into a coma. She survived after being airlifted to a hospital. Two helicopters were also used today to rescue people and supply remote villages in northern Bosnia.

“We are trying to get through to several small villages, with each just a few elderly residents,” said Bosnian rescue official Milimir Doder. “All together some 200-300 people are cut off. We are supplying them for the second day with food and medication.”

Some Bosnian villages have had no electricity for days and crews were working around-the-clock trying to fix power lines.

“The snow is about two metres high and we have cleared off paths that look more like tunnels,” Doder said. “It is going well but if there is more snow coming, then the situation may get critical.”

Death toll rising

Ukraine alone reported 43 deaths, mostly of homeless people. The country’s Emergency Situations Ministry said 28 people had been found dead on the streets, eight died in hospitals and seven in their homes. Over 720 others were hospitalised with hypothermia and frostbite.

Authorities have deployed over 1,730 heating shelters across the country, handing out hot tea, coffee, boiled potatoes and pork fat — a traditional Ukrainian dish — to the homeless. Hospitals were told not to discharge homeless patients even if their treatment was finished to protect them from the cold.

Prime Minister Mykola Azarov urged Ukrainians to stay vigilant, dress warmly and help each other in the face of the severe weather.

“I call on citizens, enterprises, organisations not to be indifferent, to support and protect those people who cannot help themselves in this difficult time,” Azarov said in a statement Wednesday. “We are one people.”

His comments after some experts suggested Ukraine’s high death toll was linked to authorities’ unwillingness and incompetence in dealing with the homeless.

Pavlo Rozenko, an expert on social policy with the Kiev-based Razumkov Center, said Ukrainian authorities often suffer from the Soviet legacy of viewing the homeless as alcoholics, drug addicts and do-nothings who need to be punished instead of helped.

“The country doesn’t know yet how to take care of its homeless,” Rozenko said.

In Romania, temperatures plunged to -32.5 C, and six homeless people died in the past 24 hours of hypothermia, the health ministry reported. Hundreds of other people were sent to shelters to protect them from the extreme cold.

Five people died of hypothermia in the last day in Poland, bringing its toll up to 20 since Friday.

Several schools across Hungary suspended classes, including one in the east that said it could not afford the high heating bills. The airport in Montenegro’s capital Podgorica was closed down for all flights late Wednesday because of heavy snowfall.

In Russia, temperatures fell to -21 C in Moscow but only one person was reported to have died of the cold.

Despite the freezing temperatures, Gyorgy Schirilla, a 50-year-old sportsman, said he would go ahead with his annual swim on Saturday with no protective gear cross the Danube River — a distance of 500 metres — in the northern Hungarian city of Vac.

“I’m not afraid of the challenge,” Schirilla said. “This will be my 15th crossing. Two years ago … I had to fend off ice floes weighing several tons.”