AFTER NEARLY A dozen years without an execution, Arkansas is racing to put eight men to death next month over a 10-day period.
The state says the unprecedented timetable is necessary because one of the three ingredients in the lethal injection will soon expire.
If carried out, the executions beginning on 17 April would make Arkansas the first state to execute that many inmates in such a short time since the death penalty was reinstated by the US Supreme Court in 1976.
The accelerated schedule calls for prison staff to conduct four double executions, with only a few days in between. It poses a number of risks, experts say, and the state’s preparations are shrouded in secrecy.
Some attorneys and anti-death penalty groups question whether the quick turnarounds will intensify pressure on the prison staff and cause problems, as happened in Oklahoma in 2014, when an inmate writhed and moaned on a gurney for 43 minutes after his injection, or in Arizona – where the fatal dose took nearly two hours to work.
An investigation in Oklahoma found that intravenous lines had been connected improperly, in part because of the “extra stress” from the state’s scheduling of two executions on the same day.
“The stress on the prison and medical staff will be increased, and the risk of making mistakes is multiplied,” said Dale Baich, an assistant federal public defender who witnessed inmate Joseph Rudolph Wood’s slow death in Arizona in 2014.
This along with using a drug that has been used in numerous botched executions should make the prison officials in Arkansas very nervous.
At the heart of the rush is the shortage of the sedative midazolam, which is used to put an inmate to sleep before receiving the lethal chemicals. The Arkansas supply expires at the end of April and it’s unclear whether the state will be able to find more. Drug makers have stopped selling it to US prisons because they object to their products being used in executions.
The Department of Correction will not say how many staff members will participate or whether any have experience with executions. The department said staff members are receiving training but would not describe it.
When asked what assurances the agency can give the public about its preparations, spokesman Solomon Graves said: “We are implementing procedures consistent with all applicable state law.”
All that is known about the background of those conducting the executions is that anyone administering the drugs must be a certified or licensed emergency medical technician, nurse, physician’s assistant or physician with at least two years of experience.
The lack of information is part of a trend among states to keep more execution details out of public view and less vulnerable to challenges from opponents.
“As states had more and more problems in carrying out executions, their response has not been to fix the problems but to hide behind secrecy to prevent those problems from being disclosed,” Robert Dunham, executive director of the Death Penalty Information Center, an anti-death penalty group, said.
‘People have a right to know what is being done’
Correction Department Director Wendy Kelley has declined to discuss the preparations.
Governor Asa Hutchinson said he’s inquired about the effect of the sequence of deaths on prison staff, but said Kelley told him “it’s not any easier to string it out over four or five months”.
The eight inmates are still trying to force the state to identify the suppliers of the lethal drugs, but their confidentiality is legally protected so they will not be targeted for protests.
On Monday, the inmates asked the US Supreme Court to reconsider its decision not to review a state ruling upholding Arkansas’ lethal injection law.
Jeff Rosenzweig, who represents the inmates, said the secrecy is unfair.
“The execution is being done in the name of the state of Arkansas,” Rosenzweig said.
It’s not supposed to be a trade secret or some sort of private function, so the people have a right to know what is being done in their names.
The executions will be conducted at the Cummins Unit, where 27 inmates have been put to death since capital punishment was reinstated. This will not be the first time more than one inmate has been executed on the same day. The state has conducted two double executions and two triple executions at Cummins.
After the inmate is strapped on a gurney, the designated medical technician will administer intravenous doses of midazolam, followed by vecuronium bromide, a paralytic, and then potassium chloride to stop the heart.
If the midazolam fails to work properly, experts say, the inmate can remain conscious during the execution.
The state said it will make counseling available for the staff members involved.
“It is not possible to go through an execution and not increase the likelihood” that staff members will suffer post-traumatic stress, said Frank Thompson, a former Arkansas prison warden who conducted two executions in Oregon and is now an outspoken death penalty opponent.
Arkansas has not executed an inmate since 2005 because of drug shortages and legal challenges. Hutchinson said going forward now is necessary to provide justice.
“The families of the victims who have endured this for so many years deserve a conclusion to it,” Hutchinson told reporters last month.
Advocates for victims’ families bristle at the notion that the executions are being rushed.
“These people have been waiting for 25 or 30 years. That’s not quick,” said Elaine Colclasure, whose husband was killed by Alvin Jackson, a death row inmate who’s not among those scheduled for execution next month.
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