THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION is considering a proposal to mobilise as many as 100,000 National Guard troops to round up unauthorised immigrants, including millions living nowhere near the Mexico border, according to a draft memo obtained by The Associated Press.
The 11-page document, which can be viewed here, calls for the unprecedented militarisation of immigration enforcement as far north as Portland, Oregon, and as far east as New Orleans, Louisiana.
Four states that border on Mexico are included in the proposal – California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas – but it also encompasses seven states sharing a common border with those four – Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana.
White House spokesman Sean Spicer said the AP report was “100% not true” and “irresponsible”. ”There is no effort at all to utilise the National Guard to round up unauthorised immigrants,” he said.
Governors in the 11 states would have a choice whether to have their guard troops participate, according to the memo, written by US Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly, a retired four-star Marine general.
While National Guard personnel have been used to assist with immigration-related missions on the US-Mexico border before, they have never been used as broadly or as far north.
The memo is addressed to the then-acting heads of US Immigration and Customs Enforcement and US Customs and Border Protection. It would serve as guidance to implement the wide-ranging executive order on immigration and border security that President Donald Trump signed on 25 January. Such memos are routinely issued to supplement executive orders.
Investigation
Also dated 25 January, the draft memo says participating troops would be authorised “to perform the functions of an immigration officer in relation to the investigation, apprehension and detention of aliens in the United States”.
It describes how the troops would be activated under a revived state-federal partnership programme, and states that personnel would be authorised to conduct searches and identify and arrest any unauthorised immigrants.
Requests to the White House and the Department of Homeland Security for comment and a status report on the proposal were not answered.
The draft document has circulated among DHS staff over the last two weeks. As recently as today, staffers in several different offices reported discussions were underway.
If implemented, the impact could be significant. Nearly one half of the 11.1 million people residing in the US without authorisation live in the 11 states, according to Pew Research Center estimates based on 2014 Census data.
Use of National Guard troops would greatly increase the number of immigrants targeted in one of Trump’s executive orders last month, which expanded the definition of who could be considered a criminal and therefore a potential target for deportation. That order also allows immigration agents to prioritise removing anyone who has “committed acts that constitute a chargeable criminal offence”.
Under current rules, even if the proposal is implemented, there would not be immediate mass deportations. Those with existing deportation orders could be sent back to their countries of origin without additional court proceedings. But deportation orders generally would be needed for most other unauthorised immigrants.
State control
The troops would not be nationalised, remaining under state control.
Spokespeople for the governors of Arizona, Utah, Nevada, California, Colorado, Oklahoma, Oregon and New Mexico said they were unaware of the proposal, and either declined to comment or said it was premature to discuss whether they would participate. The other three states did not immediately respond to the AP.
The proposal would extend the federal-local partnership program that President Barack Obama’s administration began scaling back in 2012 to address complaints that it promoted racial profiling.
The 287(g) program, which Trump included in his immigration executive order, gives local police, sheriff’s deputies and state troopers the authority to assist in the detection of immigrants who are in the US illegally as a regular part of their law enforcement duties on the streets and in jails.
The draft memo also mentions other items included in Trump’s executive order, including the hiring of an additional 5,000 border agents, which needs financing from Congress, and his campaign promise to build a wall between the US and Mexico.
The signed order contained no mention of the possible use of state National Guard troops.
According to the draft memo, the militarisation effort would be proactive, specifically empowering National Guard troops to solely carry out immigration enforcement, not as an add-on the way local law enforcement is used in the program.
Allowing National Guard troops to operate inside non-border states also would go far beyond past deployments.
In addition to responding to natural or man-made disasters or for military protection of the population or critical infrastructure, state National Guard forces have been used to assist with immigration-related tasks on the US-Mexico border, including the construction of fences.
Border security
In the mid-2000s, President George W Bush twice deployed National Guard troops on the border to focus on non-law enforcement duties to help augment the Border Patrol as it bolstered its ranks. And in 2010, then-Arizona Governor Jan Brewer announced a border security plan that included National Guard reconnaissance, aerial patrolling and military exercises.
In July 2014, then-Texas Governor Rick Perry ordered 1,000 National Guard troops to the border when the surge of migrant children fleeing violence in Central America overwhelmed US officials responsible for their care. The National Guard troops’ stated role on the border at the time was to provide extra sets of eyes but not make arrests.
Bush initiated the federal 287(g) program – named for a section of a 1996 immigration law – to allow specially-trained local law enforcement officials to participate in immigration enforcement on the streets and check whether people held in local jails were in the country illegally.
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) trained and certified roughly 1,600 officers to carry out those checks from 2006 to 2015.
The memo describes the programme as a “highly successful force multiplier” that identified more than 402,000 “removable aliens”.
But federal watchdogs were critical of how DHS ran the program, saying it was poorly supervised and provided insufficient training to officers, including on civil rights law. Obama phased out all the arrest power agreements in 2013 to instead focus on deporting recent border crossers and immigrants in the country illegally who posed a safety or national security threat.
Trump’s immigration strategy emerges as detentions at the nation’s southern border are down significantly from levels seen in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Last year, the arrest tally was the fifth-lowest since 1972. Deportations of people living in the US illegally also increased under the Obama administration, though Republicans criticised Obama for setting prosecution guidelines that spared some groups from the threat of deportation, including those brought to the US illegally as children.
Last week, ICE officers arrested more than 680 people around the country in what Kelly said were routine, targeted operations; advocates called the actions stepped-up enforcement under Trump.
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