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New blood and urine tests can indicate autism in children earlier

The “first of their kind” tests measure damage to proteins that can be an early indicator of autism.

NEW TESTS HAVE been developed that can indicate autism in children earlier than current methods of testing.

The earlier tests could lead to children with autism being given appropriate treatment much earlier in their lives.

The academic team who conducted the international research at the University of Warwick believe that their new blood and urine tests which search for damage to proteins are “the first of their kind”.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are defined as developmental disorders mainly affecting social interaction and they can include a wide spectrum of behavioural difficulties.

These include speech disturbances, repetitive and/or compulsive behaviour, hyperactivity, anxiety, and difficulty to adapt to new environments, some with or without cognitive impairment. Since there is a wide range of ASD symptoms diagnosis can be difficult and uncertain, particularly at the early stages of development.

The paper – called Advanced glycation endproducts, dityrosine, and arginine transporter dysfunction in autism – a source of biomarkers for clinical diagnosis – has been published in Molecular Autism. The team was led by Dr Naila Rabbani, Reader of Experimental Systems Biology at the University of Warwick who said: “Our discovery could lead to earlier diagnosis and intervention.”

We hope the tests will also reveal new causative factors. With further testing we may reveal specific plasma and urinary profiles or ‘fingerprints’ of compounds with damaging modifications.
This may help us improve the diagnosis of ASD and point the way to new causes of ASD.

How the tests work

The researchers found a link between ASD and damage to proteins in blood plasma by oxidation and glycation – processes where reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sugar molecules spontaneously modify proteins. They found the most reliable of the tests they developed was examining protein in blood plasma where, when tested, children with ASD were found to have higher levels of the oxidation marker dityrosine (DT) and certain sugar-modified compounds called “advanced glycation endproducts” (AGEs).

Genetic causes have been found in 30-35% of cases of ASD and the remaining 65-70% of cases are thought to be caused by a combination of environmental factors, multiple mutations, and rare genetic variants.

However the research team also believe that the new tests could reveal yet to be identified causes of ASD.

The team’s research also confirmed the previously held belief that mutations of amino acid transporters are a genetic variant associated with ASD.

The Warwick team worked with collaborators at the University of Bologna, Italy, who recruited locally 38 children who were diagnosed as having with ASD (29 boys and nine girls) and a control group of 31 healthy children (23 boys and eight girls) between the ages of five and 12. Blood and urine samples were taken from the children for analysis.

The Warwick team discovered that there were chemical differences between the two groups. Working with a further collaborator at the University of Birmingham, the changes in multiple compounds were combined together using artificial intelligence algorithms techniques to develop a mathematical equation or “algorithm” to distinguish between ASD and healthy controls.

The outcome was a diagnostic test better than any method currently available.

The next steps are to repeat the study with further groups of children to confirm the good diagnostic performance and to assess if the test can identify ASD at very early stages, indicate how the ASD is likely to develop further to more severe disease and assess if treatments are working.

Read: ‘A gender equality paradox’: Countries with more gender equality have fewer female STEM grads

Read: Single dads at higher risk of premature death than single mothers or couples – study

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    Mute Doni Kehoe
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:10 PM

    Great age. Left a legacy. RIP

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    Mute David Kavanagh
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:10 PM

    Superhero

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    Mute Shawn O'Ceallaghan
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:11 PM

    Weird thing is, he will still make cameos in every marvel film for the next 100 years.

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    Mute Damien Hawe
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:15 PM

    @Shawn O’Ceallaghan: yeah. I was reading a week or two ago that he’s already filmed a lot of cameos in advance due to his age.

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    Mute Sarah
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    Nov 12th 2018, 9:16 PM

    @Damien Hawe: haha I was wondering if that would spell the end of the cameos..guess not..

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    Mute Barra O Brien
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    Nov 13th 2018, 1:16 AM

    @Shawn O’Ceallaghan: I’m so happy about this

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    Mute David Byrne
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:12 PM

    Ah no. Loved Stan and all his amazing work. RIP

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    Mute Dave O'Hanlon
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:12 PM

    I’ve known the name Stan Lee probably since I was five. Created inspired characters, deserved all the success he got. RIP

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    Mute DMur
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:11 PM

    Excelsior .

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    Mute Lou Sypher
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:28 PM

    I’m 43 years old & am saddened to read this. Marvel comics were such a huge part of my childhood & being able to share them & the movies with my children has been a source of great joy to me. Thank you for the memories Stan Lee. R.I.P.

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    Mute Acedeuce
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:15 PM

    R. I. P. Never really was interested in comics.. And the only marvel movie I’ve enjoyed or cared for spiderman. Superb age to live to and he’s made millions of people very happy with his work.

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    Mute Quentin Moriarty
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:37 PM

    @Acedeuce: loved Rogue Trooper as a kid from the comic 2000 AD
    Gibbons and Finley Day were inspired by Lee
    Huge loss of an icon

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    Mute Seamus Mac
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    Nov 13th 2018, 10:00 AM

    @Quentin Moriarty: great comic

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    Mute limofax
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    Nov 13th 2018, 11:37 AM

    @Seamus Mac: Galaxy’s greatest

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    Mute Brian Flavin
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:17 PM

    Absolutely legendary marvel Stan Lee Rest In Peace & Good age 95

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    Mute Fergus O'Connor
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:21 PM

    I’m sure nothing made him happier than to see his creations come to life, to a worldwide audience over the last decade with the Marvel cinematic universe. RIP Stan Lee

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    Mute Michael Carolan
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:15 PM

    A sad day. RIP Stan.

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    Mute Celtic_Horizon
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:39 PM

    With great power comes great responsibility………RIP Stan Lee

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    Mute David Walters
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:24 PM

    Sheldon will be saddened!

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    Mute Accord Moan Eye
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:19 PM

    Ah no… :( RIP

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    Mute Stephen Niland
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:36 PM

    RIP Stan Lee. Thanks for everything. Excelsior

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    Mute Kárl
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    Nov 12th 2018, 8:07 PM

    Okay, so he made a decent knife….but what else did he do?

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    Mute miju irl
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:45 PM

    Thank you for all the amazing characters and stories. RIP

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    Mute Mike Lyn
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:29 PM

    A real Legend.

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    Mute Dotty Dunleary
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:59 PM

    The World would be a much duller place without the Genius of Stan Lee, he has entertained the planet for decades…

    Rest in Peace Stan Lee… Excelsior…

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    Mute Mike Lyn
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:30 PM

    May he rest in peace.

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    Mute Mike Lyn
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:24 PM

    Rest in peace. Legend. What a life

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    Mute Simon O Flaherty
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    Nov 12th 2018, 8:33 PM

    Eternal Excelsior in peace.

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    Mute Garrett Colreavy
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:47 PM

    Legendary creator he will be missed so much excelsior Stan

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    Mute Seán O'Sullivan
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    Nov 12th 2018, 8:53 PM

    xmen was about the emerging gay culture stan was about acceptance wya before his time

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    Mute Martin Sinnott
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    Nov 12th 2018, 9:39 PM

    The geeks legend, idol, superhero & GOD will be devastated. RIP thanks for the entertainment

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    Mute Michael Doyle
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:55 PM

    RIP

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    Mute Dave O Keeffe
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:54 PM

    Excelsior!!!!!!!!

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    Mute J. Reid
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    Nov 12th 2018, 11:02 PM

    Legend.

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    Mute Andy Byrne
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    Nov 12th 2018, 9:48 PM

    Ah no, poor Stan, what a great legacy left behind!! He’ll be missed!!

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    Mute Barra O Brien
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    Nov 13th 2018, 1:08 AM

    Sad, he was a big part of my childhood, I still try and uphold some of the ideals his heroes did.

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    Mute Joe
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    Nov 12th 2018, 10:06 PM

    Live long in prosper. RIP

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    Mute Jake Kelly
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    Nov 12th 2018, 7:40 PM

    Oh my god

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    Mute B Ó Raghallaigh
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    Nov 12th 2018, 11:08 PM

    Excelsior

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    Mute B9xiRspG
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    Nov 12th 2018, 8:43 PM

    RIP

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    Mute Cheapy Ryan
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    Nov 13th 2018, 12:08 AM

    A great man, brought low by his nearest and dearest.
    Hope he’s silver surfin with Spiderman and the fkin Hulk!!!

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