THE UN SECURITY Council has thrown its unanimous support behind a plan to bring Syria’s brutal civil war to an end by summoning rebels and the regime to the negotiating table.
The US and Russian initiative, supported by a 17-nation group, foresees a rapid ceasefire in the almost five-year-old conflict and peace talks from next month.
If the plan brings Bashar al-Assad’s regime to the table with the armed opposition, it will allow Russian and US-led forces to focus their firepower on the Islamic State group.
The Security Council met today after the latest round of talks by the International Syria Support Group, which gathered in New York to renew its push for peace.
Now, attention turns to Moscow and Riyadh, as Russia pressures Assad’s regime to agree a ceasefire and Saudi Arabia wrangles the opposition to form a negotiating team.
The United States and Arab allies remain convinced Assad must leave office as part of the process, but his ally Moscow insists this is a decision for the Syrian people.
“Only a Syrian-led, inclusive dialogue can put an end to the untold suffering of the Syrian people,” Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov warned the council.
Nevertheless, Kerry – who has already “agreed to disagree” with Moscow on Assad’s fate – said the vote would act as a springboard for forging ahead with peace talks.
And he emphasised that a victory in the battle against the Islamic State group – also known by the Arabic acronym Daesh – must pass through a peaceful settlement in the broader Syrian civil war.
“We know that Daesh can never be allowed to gain control in Syria, so we have a global imperative here to deal with a terrorist entity but also to end the civil war,” he said.
“President Assad in our judgment… has lost the ability, the credibility to be able to unite the country and to provide the moral credibility to be able to govern it.
Purely as a matter of reality, if the war is to end it is imperative that the Syrian people agree to an alternative in terms of their governance.
The resolution enshrines the plan developed by the countries of the ISSG in a series of meetings in Geneva and Vienna.
It calls for the Syrian government and the opposition to begin a ceasefire and talks on a political transition with a target of early January 2016.
Within six months they should agree an “inclusive transitional governing body with full executive powers” and within 18 elections should be held for a new government.
Assad’s fate
The text, however, does not touch on one of the most contentious issues in the peace effort: Assad’s fate.
More than 250,000 people have died since Syria’s conflict erupted in March 2011, and millions more have fled their homes.
Today’s New York talks were the first by the ISSG since Saudi Arabia gathered a coalition of Syria rebel groups to form an opposition negotiating team.
Jordan’s foreign minister presented a draft list of “terrorist” groups that the ISSG parties will agree to exclude from the talks.
This would include but may not limited to the Islamic State group and the Al-Qaeda-linked Nusra Front, and ISSG members are still haggling over the final line-up.
“The initial work has been done. Now I think that there will be follow-up meetings,” said Nasser Judeh, adding that countries had submitted between 10 and 20 names each.
‘Unrealistic’ timetable
Meanwhile, Syria’s main opposition group, the Syrian National Coalition, warned that earlier international hopes for a ceasefire by 1 January were unrealistic.
And it demanded that Russia halt its own air strikes as part of that truce.
Najib Ghadbian, the SNC’s envoy to the United Nations, said opposition groups need “a month or so” to prepare for the political talks that would begin in tandem with a ceasefire.
And, on the eve of the UN talks, Assad warned in an interview with Dutch television that misguided efforts to bring about regime change would make the conflict “drag on”.
Assad turned sarcastic when asked whether he was comforted that Washington’s stance on his departure had seemingly softened.
“I was packing my luggage. I had to leave, but now I can stay,” he joked.
Aside from hosts Russia and the United States, the ISSG represents Britain, the UAE, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Lebanon, Jordan, China, Egypt, Germany, France, Iran, Iraq and Italy.
The European Union, the Organisation of the Islamic Conference and the Arab League are also represented.
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