Support from readers like you keeps The Journal open.
You are visiting us because we have something you value. Independent, unbiased news that tells the truth. Advertising revenue goes some way to support our mission, but this year it has not been enough.
If you've seen value in our reporting, please contribute what you can, so we can continue to produce accurate and meaningful journalism. For everyone who needs it.
How worried is Ireland's pharma industry about Trump's tariffs?
Top Trump advisor used Gmail for official business, adding to security pressures
Verona Murphy wins first-ever Dáil vote of confidence in a Ceann Comhairle by 96 votes to 71
In this December 2012, file photo, a Free Syrian Army fighter takes cover during fighting with the Syrian Army in Azaz. Virginie Nguyen Hoang/AP/Press Association Images
Who's Who Guide
Explainer: Who are Syria's rebels?
Many of the groups are now led by Islamist groups and some have al Qaeda ties.
SYRIA’S REBEL MOVEMENT has been a constantly shifting array of groups and alliances since the uprising against President Bashar al-Assad began nearly three years ago, with opposition formations increasingly overtaken by Islamist groups.
As new leaders have emerged within the opposition, infighting reached a new level this month, with several rebel factions declaring war against the radical Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).
Some 2,300 rebel fighters have died fighting each other this year alone.
Below is a description of some of Syria’s main rebel groups:
Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Jihadist)
ISIL was formed by breakaway elements from the Nusra Front, al Qaeda’s official affiliate in Syria, which joined with al Qaeda’s Iraq branch.
The group is headed by the Iraq branch’s leader, known as Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. He has ignored calls from al Qaeda central to stay out of Syria and focus on Iraq.
On Monday, al Qaeda’s general command said it had no links with ISIL, in an apparent attempt to assert authority over Islamist militant groups in Syria.
ISIL is seen as the most hardline of all the Islamist forces in Syria and has made enemies of several rebel groups since it seized many towns and checkpoints in opposition areas.
An ISIL fighter in Iraq. (Image: PA Wire)
The group was largely accepted by Syrian civilians at first due to its strict policies against looting and its attempts to provide social services. It lost favour as its members began kidnapping and killing critics and rival groups.
ISIL is now fighting on several fronts. In Syria, many rebel factions are trying to retake territory and force the group out of their areas. At the same time, Iraqi military forces have launched a heavy campaign inAnbar province, where ISIL fighters took control of some towns.
While its numbers may be smaller, perhaps around 6,000 to 7,000, the ISIL’s hardline fighting force is very committed and backed by foreign militants.
The group has vowed to use assassinations and other strategies to retaliate against attacks. In a 7 January statement, it vowed to crush the Syrian rebels and made no gestures toward reconciliation despite the Nusra Front’s calls for a truce.
Nusra Front (Jihadist)
A Syrian boy shouts slogans against the regime in front of a flag of the armed Islamic opposition group, the Nusra Front, during a demonstration in the Bustan al-Qasr neighborhood of Aleppo, Syria during September 2012. (Image: Manu Brabo/AP/Press Association Images)
This powerful rebel group is comprised of both Syrians and foreign militants and has been formally recognised by the central leadership of al Qaeda as its franchise in Syria.
The group was one of the first to use techniques such as suicide attacks and car bombings in urban areas. Despite this, it is seen as more tolerant and less heavy handed in its dealings with civilians and other rebel groups, compared with ISIL.
The Nusra Front, estimated at around 7,000 to 8,000 members, has worked with most rebel factions fighting in Syria but follows an austere version of Islam and calls for the creation of an Islamic state.
It works closely with many other Syrian Islamist groups member groups. It has joined in some recent rebel-on-rebel battles against ISIL.
Islamic Front
An amalgam of six major Islamist groups, this alliance is believed to be the biggest rebel army working in Syria. Its formation last November gutted the Western-backed Syrian Military Council, depriving it of some of its main members, such as the Tawheed Brigade, and further distanced it from powerful Islamist groups like the Ahrar al-Sham Brigades.
Advertisement
Children of followers of the banned Islamic-oriented Hizb Al-Tahrir take part in a demonstration in front of the Syrian embassy to condemn the peace talks in Switzerland between the Syrian government and the opposition, in Amman, Jordan on 22 January. The Arabic writing on the girls’ placards reads, “I am shy of your treason,” and “I can see you, the army of my nation, but what I can’t see is your chivalry.” (AP Photo/Mohammad Hannon)
The Islamic Front’s members are hardline Sunni Islamists who want Syria to become an Islamic state, but they have been more tolerant of other groups than ISIL and Jabhat al-Nusra.
Analysts say the number of fighters brought together by the Front is between 40,000 to 50,000. It is still not clear, however, whether it will be more successful in coordinating and leading Syria’s notoriously fractious rebel groups compared to the failed moderate opposition alliances, loosely joined under the name the Free Syrian Army (FSA).
Units from the Islamic Front have fought against ISIL this year.
Supreme Military Command/Council (SMC)
The Supreme Military Command is a moderate, non-ideological group and the foundering successor to the FSA leadership.
The SMC’s predecessors in the FSA, the original umbrella group for the rebels, were never able to form a coherent organisational structure or leadership and the SMC has faced similar challenges.
The group has backing from Western powers such as the United States, as well as Turkey and Gulf Arab countries, and has never been able to shake the impression among local rebel groups that it was a leadership coming from abroad.
Many of its commanders spent much of their time outside the country. They were also unable to secure consistent supplies of arms or funding from foreign donors.
While still functioning nominally, the SMC was dealt a heavy blow by the formation of the Islamic Front alliance in November 2013, which deprived it of some of its largest members and allies and further damaged the SMC’s legitimacy.
It’s affiliates include the Martyrs of Syria Brigades, Northern Storm Brigade, Ahrar Souriya Brigade.
Syrian Revolutionaries Front (SRF)
This alliance of largely non-ideological rebel units was formed in December and helped launch a growing campaign against hardline ISIL fighters.
The backbone of the group is the Syrian Martyrs Brigade, a once powerful group from the northern province of Idlib led by Jamal Maarouf.
Maarouf and his fighters were largely discredited in Idlib by rival Islamist groups who accused them of diverting funds meant for the front lines into their own pockets.
Unlike most other rebel formations, the group does not appear to have strong ideological leanings, though its units are mostly moderate Islamists.
The SRF is believed to receive funding from large Gulf countries like Saudi Arabia. It has poor relations with the Islamic Front but has expressed support for the SMC.
Some analysts suggest that the SRF may be another attempt at reviving the main components of theFree Syrian Army, but it still lacks the regional scope to try that, as most of its member units hail from the north.
Mujahideen Army
The result of conflict: a displaced Syrian child plays at a refugee camp in Idlib. (Image: Manu Brabo/AP/Press Association Images)
This recent formation of eight Syrian militant groups was announced early in January and almost immediately launched a campaign against ISIL, leading many observers to believe it may have been formed by Gulf Arab backers for the purpose of challenging the radical Islamist grop.
The Mujahideen Army, which claims to have 5,000 members, is seen as moderately Islamist. Most of the factions that joined the Mujahideen Army are relatively minor and little is known about the group so far.
However, this new group, along with the Syrian Revolutionaries’ Front, spearheaded the campaign against ISIL that has broken out in many opposition-held parts of northern and eastern Syria.
Note: On the diplomatic front, he Syrian opposition is also deeply divided with the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces, the Syrian National Council, the National Co-Ordination Committee and the Kurdish Supreme Committee.
Readers like you are keeping these stories free for everyone...
A mix of advertising and supporting contributions helps keep paywalls away from valuable information like this article.
Over 5,000 readers like you have already stepped up and support us with a monthly payment or a once-off donation.
@Dave O Keeffe: It wouldn’t matter.. It’s just the left pushing their communist agenda. 10s of millions killed under communist regimes, yet how many people do you see wearing the communist red star on hats and t shirts. World is gone f..ing nuts.
@JP McHugh: communist and the left are not the same thing, just as nazi and the right aren’t. Communism is horrendous. Nazism is horrendous. There are people on both sides that denounce and are repulsed by both
@Dave O Keeffe: Communism and the left are very much interwoven. The left also share a lot with Nazism . But the fact of the matter is , most people dont even know the awful things communism has done, and they fly the flag, and wear the t-shirt, because they are so ignorant.
@Ladude: Your implication that all left leaning politics is interwoven with communism actually makes no sense. If that was the case it would skew the balance. All one side of a scale, by definition, cannot be on its extreme
@JP McHugh: any evidence to claim he was homophobic? Also in a speech to the UN on South Africa he said
“Those who kill their own children and discriminate daily against them because of the color of their skin; those who let the murderers of blacks remain free, protecting them, and furthermore punishing the black population because they demand their legitimate rights as free men — how can those who do this consider themselves guardians of freedom? The government of the United States is not the champion of freedom, but rather the perpetrator of exploitation and oppression against the peoples of the world and against a large part of its own population.”
Doesn’t so racist to me. As for a murderer it depends on your definition of murderer. Are all soldiers who kill in battle murders?
@Charlie O’Neill: Stupid comment from a member of the God squad, nothing about the millions the RCC God squad murdered, tortured, and burnt at the stake. The one trait i hate in any man or woman is servility.
@Ladude: Nazism (technically facism) is the polar opposite of communism. It is the ‘right’ side while communism is the ‘left’. They cannot ‘share a lot’.
Please educate yourself. You are neither right nor left, just plain stupid.
@Andy K:
Take a look at horseshoe theory.
Also, although it’s hard to describe them as left wing, the full name of the nazis is the “National Socialists”.
Not quite as clear cut as you may think.
@JWill: There are 7000 homeless in Ireland because NAMA own 1000′s of properties across the country and those who are offered accommodation refuse to take what their giving. Yet there are talks of the government getting NAMA to sort the housing problem, while the politicians are too busy worrying about housing foreigners and giving money to corrupt NGO’s.
Ah yes, any man that shoots a 14 yo boy through the back of the neck deserves a commemoration stamp. ( the boys crime? Trying to stop a firing squad from shooting his dad)
@Honeybadger197: Good example of the nonsense being pushed from certain quarters these days about Che. Hear that on Fox news by any chance? Read a book instead. Educate yourself properly about the man. No mass murderer, no matter how loud the right-wing extremists shout. Still revered by ordinary Cubans. Much more so than Fidel.
@Squiddley Diddley: He was a mass murderer, no matter what book you read. Putting terrorists on stamps is something you would expect from Fatah but not from a so called Western democracy.
@Squiddley Diddley: Not propaganda just has the facts slightly wrong, Eutimio Guerra was the mans name Castro order him to be executed but his body guard refused, so Che stepped put his pistol to his head and executed him.
@John Mc Grath: No. That occurred in the Sierra Maestra mountains (along with at least 9 others). The murder I mentioned happened in La Cabãna Prison Havana. (along with literally dozens more at Guevaras own hands)
@Squiddley Diddley: You are obviously living in cuckoo land. Guevara was a sadistic, psychopathic killer. His crimes are well documented. What has he achieved? Nothing but misery and despair for Cubans. It’s nothing but a terrorist state ruled by a despot
who has enriched himself and his family at the expense of the ordinary Cubans.
So go ahead and celebrate the life of a killer who begged and pleaded for his life to be spared shortly before his execution.
Just another insignificant loser.
@Squiddley Diddley: Yeah revered by the Cuban leaders but despised by the free Cubans in the USA. The ordinary Cuban can say nothing bad about Guevara because he will end up in one of the prisons specially built to imprison free thinkers- and which were overseen by Guevara before he got his richly deserved reward at the hands of the Bolivian army. What a favour they did for mankind. The great killer was on his knees pleading for his life, nothing but a cowardly twisted psycho.
@Ciaran O Reilly: If Jim Fitzpatrick got even just 1 cent for each time this image is reproduced he’d be sitting pretty right now, he gets nothing. A terrible pity his art isn’t more appreciated, the man ain’t getting any younger, sorry Jim.
@The Risen: says the guy who says he is pro gay rights but adores known homophobes and terrorists like che guevera and Hamas. Actions speak louder than words jamming
@Liam Doyle: Ok, I’ll use an example closer to home for you guys. Fine Gaels Eoin O’Duffy sent his blueshirts to fight for a fascist dictator whose regime tortured and killed homosexuals under the Spanish vagrancy act.
Fine Gaels Brendan McGahon on homosexuality in the 1990s (25 years after Che Guevara died)…
“I regard homosexuals as being in a sad category, but I believe homosexuality to be an abnormality, some type of psycho-sexual problem that has defied explanation over the years.”
“I do not believe that the Irish people desire this normalisation of what is clearly an abnormality…”
“Homosexuality is a departure from normality and while homosexuals deserve our compassion they do not deserve our tolerance. That is how the man in the street thinks.”
“… like left hand drivers driving on the right hand side of the road…”
So, by your own standards lads, shouldn’t you walk away from your association with FG?
@The Risen: so you admire a guy who has murdered people for being gay? Had murdered kids. And has murdered women. It’s good to know you that you’ve an amoral approach to live and death. Your terrorist and violent tendencies are well laid out for us.
@Ryan Boyle: It’s interesting seeing the term snowflake being used by snowflakes (or white knights) as a catch all insult for those who disagree with something political.
The mistake, or at least the thing you ignore, is that expressing such disagreement isn’t the same as getting triggered due to emotional fragility. Especially when such disagreement is due to a murderous Commie thug like Che being celebrated as a hero.
Perhaps you admire his intentions, but it’s reasonable to consider him more villain than hero. And it’s not a sign of fragility to express that opinion passionately.
@Ryan Boyle: No so. They ask the question, why is a mass murdering psych being portrayed as some sort of celebrity.
As for snowflakes, it must have been some sight to see Guevara begging for his life to be spared before the Bolivians despatched him. The poor old lefties hate being exposed for the thick ignorant idiots they are.
@Joey Navinski: Seems only fair that if we can retrospectively judge people for owning slaves, we can also retrospectively judge them for being homophobes. Especially when that political sect wants to paint itself as inclusive by principle.
@Ben McArthur: but the political sect aligns itself with Che and not his ancestors and if homophobia was the norm back then how did his grandfather/great grandfather earn notoriety? Maybe Paul is conferring the notoriety on him himself?
They should put his full name on the stamp….Che Guvara Lynch….Mothers name was Lynch……..He was no worse than President Obama who had as many people killed in Syria and everybody loves Obama…..
@Liam Doyle: I appreciate your sentiment, but the foundation of this state was built by revolutionaries who killed, and seen by mass murderers. Many innocents died in the rising.
@Liam Doyle: I’d say you probably see yourself as on the left of the spectrum and you probably would be. However, the iconic picture of che is more symbolic in its nature conveying ideals of anti-imperialism, socialism, cultural nationalism, anti-colonialism. Generally ideals that do not find favour with those on the right of the spectrum. Now of course the issue of how che would achieve those ideals is important but of secondary importance to the primary symbolism of the picture. To say you disapprove of the image because che did not go about achieving his ideals (which apparently are on the same spectrum as yours) the way you approve of, would be to ignore or attempt to de-legitimise the multifaceted aspects of the picture.
@Liam Doyle: Firstly, to say you “object in the strongest possible terms to violence to further political goals” is borderline illogical, the state itself is premised on the use of violence to protect and further its political aims. You probably meant the arbitrary or unjustified use of violence which is fine but you must at some stage accept the use of violence in furthering political goals. Secondly, you are missing the point I am making, the picture conveys much more than a picture of an individual and his internal character. But you let it slip that you disapprove of his politics in saying “it is fundamental to his character and “politics”" which is completely fine by me, just don’t pretend you somehow agree with the ideals of the left which he tended to represent i.e. the ones I mentioned above. If you disagree with the politics espoused by the image say it out without having to use the “he murdered people” card.
@Liam Doyle: That’s cool, I’m not saying your not on the left, though if I were a full blown Marxist I would obviously say you weren’t but lucky for you I’m not. So we’re agreed that you disapprove of the general symbolism of the iconic image (which to be fair to you I will include some unjust killing)?
@Liam Doyle: Ah no you ruined what could have been a good debate by using a hitler comparison. Maybe Pinochet could have been a better analogy. But I take your general concerns about the extremism of any ideal, but disagree about the use of the image and its effects and glorification. BTW do conservatives privately espouse hitler?
@Liam Doyle: You’re still using the Hitler comparison. I would say 98% of people on the broad spectrum of the right would see Hitler as an extremist, where as probably 40% if even that on the left would see che as an extremist. There not representative.
Che was even to radical for Castro. A cold blooded killer who would have destroyed the revolution with his unyeilding views.
Still it’s a nice piece of artwork, there’s an Irish connection, and will look good as a stamp.
@Dave Doyle: If you even take a superficial look at who Che Guevara was, you will quickly understand that your assertion is idiotic and shallow. 1958, for example.
@Michael: interesting to see the word murderer used by people who regard Reagan as a hero. The history of Latin America is a tragic one, with many of the big players totally callous about the lives of the innocent. Che is one of the better ones.
@Ruairi Fahy:
Hitler was a fascist a right wing fanatic, Mao and Stalin where communists. Google socialist then communist and finally fascist now do you see the difference. They are not the same.
@Gary Kearney: Read your history books not Google. All were socialists. But you knew that anyhow. Seems you want to separate your national socialists from your Marxist socialists.
This is a truly awful and most regrettable decision by the Irish state. We should be HIDING any connection (real or imagined) that this murderer of thousands, and brutal dictatorship enabler, Che Guevara, might have had with Ireland; not broadcasting it. I will never buy a stamp with this man’s face on it, I would be ashamed to place his image on any letter I might write and post to another person.
If you want to get an authentic perspective of what evil men such as Guevara and Fidel Castro were really like (as opppsed to the stupid, sanitised version that we often hear in Ireland), just ask any intelligent Cuban who has escaped Cuba and now lives in countries like Ireland.
@John Reid: Shallow and uninformed comment. Not that the man was a saint. But he deserves intelligent critique. What are the ‘American’ Cubans going to say, anyway? FFS get real!
No reason any longer why An Post cannot print stamps in honour of Stalin, Hitler,Pol Pot, Mao, Hussein, Gaddafi , etc
After all they were sadistic mass killers just like Guevara. It beggars belief that this organisation is closing dozens of post offices and yet glorifies a sadistic killer whose legacy lives on in present day Cuba, ie a backward, totalitarian state and in the minds of the idiotic looney left who admire and revere this butcher. Sickening.
Who’s next? Mao? Himmler? Pol Pot? He murdered hundreds of people for his warped ideology. What is this fixation we have with Marxist terrorists? Certainly not worthy of a stamp, but hey, I’m sure Michael D. Will be thrilled to speak at the unveiling.
The stamp designs are approved for a year programme which is based on suggestions from the public. The panel evaluating them does include An Post but also others and then approved by the cabinet.
Typical left wing morality. Extollings killers once they accord with their worldview. It is as bad as claiming as Reagan allegedly did about the President of Sudan that he was a son of a bitch but at least he is our son of a bitch. It is widely acknowledged that Guevara was a cruel sociopatic killer. Those in doubt should do some research. Arguably early fake news created the cult of Che. I will admit he had a cool 60′s revolutionary chic look but that was a sympathetic media creation and skin deep.
Stemming from Soviet days the left always and continues to believe that ideology transcends morality. As a ex leftist I have insight into the non questioning constantly shifting enforced groupthink mentality, We have been fed rubbish about Che by a happily privileged comfortable media crew who like to pretend to be cheaply radical. It’s all talk whilst they don’t practice what they preach.
The ignorance about the stamp is astounding. I think it is a ill thought out populist gesture that Fintan from the IT would give his tacit approval to.
(Remember it is Fintan O’T he would only do tacit as he is looking down on ordinary mortals from above)
Is this to celebrate an iconic artwork by an Irish artist? Or the subject Che Guevara Lynch’s Irish roots? Or both? DYK the entertainer Katherine Lynch claims to be his distant relative…
Typical left wing morality. Extolling killers once they fits into their worldview.
It’s worse stating that he is at least our son of a bitch as (I think) Reagan said.
It is well acknowledged that he was a cruel sociopatic killer . Hero of the left whose ideology always transcends morality. I have some insight into this as I used of a leftist persuasion.
Clueless decision with the stamp.
If it was an Irishman who fashioned this stamp’s image, no doubt he wasn’t sober! If ignorance is bliss, at least history-wise, then the Irish are a happy people; happy & dumb!
How worried is Ireland's pharma industry about Trump's tariffs?
Eoghan Dalton
3 hrs ago
3.1k
25
trump administration
Top Trump advisor used Gmail for official business, adding to security pressures
4 hrs ago
7.7k
21
Speaking rights row
Verona Murphy wins first-ever Dáil vote of confidence in a Ceann Comhairle by 96 votes to 71
7 hrs ago
29.8k
107
Your Cookies. Your Choice.
Cookies help provide our news service while also enabling the advertising needed to fund this work.
We categorise cookies as Necessary, Performance (used to analyse the site performance) and Targeting (used to target advertising which helps us keep this service free).
We and our 161 partners store and access personal data, like browsing data or unique identifiers, on your device. Selecting Accept All enables tracking technologies to support the purposes shown under we and our partners process data to provide. If trackers are disabled, some content and ads you see may not be as relevant to you. You can resurface this menu to change your choices or withdraw consent at any time by clicking the Cookie Preferences link on the bottom of the webpage .Your choices will have effect within our Website. For more details, refer to our Privacy Policy.
We and our vendors process data for the following purposes:
Use precise geolocation data. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Store and/or access information on a device. Personalised advertising and content, advertising and content measurement, audience research and services development.
Cookies Preference Centre
We process your data to deliver content or advertisements and measure the delivery of such content or advertisements to extract insights about our website. We share this information with our partners on the basis of consent. You may exercise your right to consent, based on a specific purpose below or at a partner level in the link under each purpose. Some vendors may process your data based on their legitimate interests, which does not require your consent. You cannot object to tracking technologies placed to ensure security, prevent fraud, fix errors, or deliver and present advertising and content, and precise geolocation data and active scanning of device characteristics for identification may be used to support this purpose. This exception does not apply to targeted advertising. These choices will be signaled to our vendors participating in the Transparency and Consent Framework.
Manage Consent Preferences
Necessary Cookies
Always Active
These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work.
Targeting Cookies
These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites. They do not store directly personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising.
Functional Cookies
These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. If you do not allow these cookies then these services may not function properly.
Performance Cookies
These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you do not allow these cookies we will not be able to monitor our performance.
Store and/or access information on a device 110 partners can use this purpose
Cookies, device or similar online identifiers (e.g. login-based identifiers, randomly assigned identifiers, network based identifiers) together with other information (e.g. browser type and information, language, screen size, supported technologies etc.) can be stored or read on your device to recognise it each time it connects to an app or to a website, for one or several of the purposes presented here.
Personalised advertising and content, advertising and content measurement, audience research and services development 143 partners can use this purpose
Use limited data to select advertising 113 partners can use this purpose
Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit the number of times an ad is presented to you).
Create profiles for personalised advertising 83 partners can use this purpose
Information about your activity on this service (such as forms you submit, content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about you (for example, information from your previous activity on this service and other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a profile about you (that might include possible interests and personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present advertising that appears more relevant based on your possible interests by this and other entities.
Use profiles to select personalised advertising 83 partners can use this purpose
Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on your advertising profiles, which can reflect your activity on this service or other websites or apps (like the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests and personal aspects.
Create profiles to personalise content 39 partners can use this purpose
Information about your activity on this service (for instance, forms you submit, non-advertising content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about you (such as your previous activity on this service or other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a profile about you (which might for example include possible interests and personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present content that appears more relevant based on your possible interests, such as by adapting the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find content that matches your interests.
Use profiles to select personalised content 35 partners can use this purpose
Content presented to you on this service can be based on your content personalisation profiles, which can reflect your activity on this or other services (for instance, the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests and personal aspects. This can for example be used to adapt the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find (non-advertising) content that matches your interests.
Measure advertising performance 134 partners can use this purpose
Information regarding which advertising is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine how well an advert has worked for you or other users and whether the goals of the advertising were reached. For instance, whether you saw an ad, whether you clicked on it, whether it led you to buy a product or visit a website, etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of advertising campaigns.
Measure content performance 61 partners can use this purpose
Information regarding which content is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine whether the (non-advertising) content e.g. reached its intended audience and matched your interests. For instance, whether you read an article, watch a video, listen to a podcast or look at a product description, how long you spent on this service and the web pages you visit etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of (non-advertising) content that is shown to you.
Understand audiences through statistics or combinations of data from different sources 74 partners can use this purpose
Reports can be generated based on the combination of data sets (like user profiles, statistics, market research, analytics data) regarding your interactions and those of other users with advertising or (non-advertising) content to identify common characteristics (for instance, to determine which target audiences are more receptive to an ad campaign or to certain contents).
Develop and improve services 83 partners can use this purpose
Information about your activity on this service, such as your interaction with ads or content, can be very helpful to improve products and services and to build new products and services based on user interactions, the type of audience, etc. This specific purpose does not include the development or improvement of user profiles and identifiers.
Use limited data to select content 37 partners can use this purpose
Content presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type, or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit the number of times a video or an article is presented to you).
Use precise geolocation data 46 partners can use this special feature
With your acceptance, your precise location (within a radius of less than 500 metres) may be used in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Actively scan device characteristics for identification 27 partners can use this special feature
With your acceptance, certain characteristics specific to your device might be requested and used to distinguish it from other devices (such as the installed fonts or plugins, the resolution of your screen) in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Ensure security, prevent and detect fraud, and fix errors 92 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
Your data can be used to monitor for and prevent unusual and possibly fraudulent activity (for example, regarding advertising, ad clicks by bots), and ensure systems and processes work properly and securely. It can also be used to correct any problems you, the publisher or the advertiser may encounter in the delivery of content and ads and in your interaction with them.
Deliver and present advertising and content 99 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
Certain information (like an IP address or device capabilities) is used to ensure the technical compatibility of the content or advertising, and to facilitate the transmission of the content or ad to your device.
Match and combine data from other data sources 72 partners can use this feature
Always Active
Information about your activity on this service may be matched and combined with other information relating to you and originating from various sources (for instance your activity on a separate online service, your use of a loyalty card in-store, or your answers to a survey), in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Link different devices 53 partners can use this feature
Always Active
In support of the purposes explained in this notice, your device might be considered as likely linked to other devices that belong to you or your household (for instance because you are logged in to the same service on both your phone and your computer, or because you may use the same Internet connection on both devices).
Identify devices based on information transmitted automatically 88 partners can use this feature
Always Active
Your device might be distinguished from other devices based on information it automatically sends when accessing the Internet (for instance, the IP address of your Internet connection or the type of browser you are using) in support of the purposes exposed in this notice.
Save and communicate privacy choices 69 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
The choices you make regarding the purposes and entities listed in this notice are saved and made available to those entities in the form of digital signals (such as a string of characters). This is necessary in order to enable both this service and those entities to respect such choices.
have your say