We need your help now
Support from readers like you keeps The Journal open.
You are visiting us because we have something you value. Independent, unbiased news that tells the truth. Advertising revenue goes some way to support our mission, but this year it has not been enough.
If you've seen value in our reporting, please contribute what you can, so we can continue to produce accurate and meaningful journalism. For everyone who needs it.
Sign in. It’s quick, free and it’s up to you.
An account is an optional way to support the work we do. Find out more.
By continuing, you are indicating that you accept our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy.
COVID-19 HAS BEEN listed as the fourth most common underlying cause for registered deaths in Ireland in the first 10 months of this year.
In a new update from the Central Statistics Office (CSO), based on deaths registered with the General Registrar’s Office, it said that a total of 22,416 deaths were registered from 1 January 2020 to 31 October 2020 across the country.
The most common underlying causes of death cited were cancer (7,269 deaths), diseases of the circulatory system/heart (5,886) and diseases of the respiratory system/lungs (2,390).
Between them, the top three listed above were identified in just under 70% of reported deaths in Ireland so far this year.
Covid-19 accounted for 1,462 of the registered deaths, or 6.5%.
However, according to Department of Health figures, the number of deaths in people with Covid-19 is far higher. The death toll stands now at 2,022. At the end of October, it was 1,915.
In addressing this discrepancy between the figures, the CSO said: “It is important to note that there will be a number of deaths where Covid-19 will not be assigned as the [underlying cause of death] and therefore, the Covid-19 deaths in this analysis, will vary from those put into the public domain by the Department of Health.
A Covid-19 death is defined, for surveillance purposes, as a death resulting from a clinically compatible illness in a probable or confirmed Covid-19 case, unless there is a clear alternative cause of death that cannot be related to Covid-19 (e.g. trauma). There should be no period of complete recovery between the illness and death.
Legally, in Ireland, a death can be registered up to three months after the date of occurrence and therefore not all deaths that took place between 01 January 2020 and 31 October 2020 are included in this. The CSO estimates that approximately 2,500 to 3,500 deaths remain to be registered covering the period of analysis in this output.
Ireland has been counting Covid-19 deaths on foot of advice from the World Health Organization, which issued guidance on the matter earlier this year. The CSO said that the hierarchy in which the causes of death are written on a death certificate will impact on what it assigns to be the underlying cause of death for the purposes of this data.
The guidelines note there is “increasing evidence that people with existing chronic conditions or compromised immune systems due to disability are at higher risk of death due to Covid-19″.
The document adds that if the person who died had a non-communicable disease such as coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or diabetes, this should also be reported on their death certificate.
The Department of Health has said that, in following the WHO’s guidance, it has “sought to provide the fullest and most accurate picture possible of the impact of Covid-19″.
It has also noted in the past that in those who died with Covid-19 who already had underlying conditions, “may have continued to live for a long time if they had not contracted it”.
“It is important to note that a third of people in Ireland (32%) have a long-standing health condition,” a department spokesperson said. “This is a significant part of our society. Every single person with an underlying medical condition is important. Their lives matter.”
The CSO said today that, by age group, 8.1% of deaths among those aged 80 or over listed Covid-19 as an underlying cause of death.
This was in fifth place behind diseases of the circulatory system, cancer, diseases of the respiratory system and mental and behavioural disorders such as Alzheimer’s Disease.
Among other age groups, Covid-19 was cited as an underlying cause in 5.4% of deaths in people aged 65-79, 3.3% in people aged 50-64 and 2.1% in people aged 25-49.
The CSO added that deaths attributed to external causes of injury and poisoning – such as car accidents – are under-represented in the analysis as such deaths are frequently reported to the Coroner’s Office for further investigation. These deaths may be reported later as a result and aren’t included in CSO stats.
Under the heading of injury and poisoning, 295 deaths have been recorded this year.
With reporting from Órla Ryan
To embed this post, copy the code below on your site
Still can’t trust the figures, if you die of a certain illness that is not due to Covid but test positive for it, you’re listed as a Covid death.
@Sean Reddin: Can you give some reliable sources on that, please? Or was it your mate Gary who heard it from “loads of people”?
@JusticeForJoe: Facebook more than likely.
@JusticeForJoe: he hasn’t anything reliable. Just his own facts.
@JusticeForJoe: This questions was asked to the HSE in the Dail covid Committee. The HSE responded that if a patient dies and test positive they are marked down as having died from Covid. Even though they may have fell off a ladder or got a heart attack or died from cancer. I can link the video here if you wish. The facts on this are quiet clear Covid death median age is 80+. Older people have far more health complications than younger people thats why we try to prevent them from getting the flu. Because it could kill them.
@JusticeForJoe: It was a question asked by Michael McNamara to NPHET at an Oireachtas committee meeting not so long ago actually which NPHET answered yes to. There was no need to be so rude mate.
@JusticeForJoe: It was a question asked by Michael McNamara to the HSE at an Oireachtas committee meeting not so long ago actually which the HSE answered yes to. There was no need to be so rude, maybe that is how you get your kicks.
@JusticeForJoe: thats unfair. He means that the daily announcement and the HSE total refers to people who died WITH Covid and not necessarily because of it. Where he is wrong is in saying or implying this is somehow unacceptable. It is not. It is in line with WHO guidelines on reporting infectious or notifiable diseases. Particularly is a clusterf*&k pandemic
@Sean Reddin: from the article the guidelines the department of health use for covid deaths. “A Covid-19 death is defined, for surveillance purposes, as a death resulting from a clinically compatible illness in a probable or confirmed Covid-19 case, unless there is a clear alternative cause of death that cannot be related to Covid-19 (e.g. trauma). There should be no period of complete recovery between the illness and death.” So if you die from an illness that is not clinically compatible or from trauma you are not listed as a covid death. If you die from a clinically compatible illness after testing positive covid19 is recorded as an underlying issue along with the clinically compatible illness
@Jean Farrelly: from your link. The HIQA scientist stated
RECIPES & OFFERS
SOME MORE GREAT SITES
THE42
NOTEWORTHY
File photo
File photo
Image: Shutterstock/Boyloso
Covid-19 deaths may have been overestimated, Hiqa report finds
Leo Varadkar said the findings are “interesting but not a surprise” because of how deaths related to the virus are counted.
Jul 3rd 2020, 9:31 AM 69,256 130
Updated Jul 3rd 2020, 2:13 PM
THERE WAS A 13% increase in deaths in Ireland between March and June but Covid-19 deaths may have been overestimated, a new report by the Health Information and Quality Authority (Hiqa) has found.
The report examined the number of excess deaths that occurred over a three-month period during the Covid-19 pandemic.
The document, which can be read here, assessed the number of deaths that occurred in Ireland from 11 March to 16 June, relative to the expected number of deaths, using data from the death notices website RIP.ie.
It found that the official number of Covid-19 deaths reported may be an overestimate – something Tánaiste Leo Varadkar said was “not a surprise” given how deaths related to the virus are counted.
There were about 1,100 to 1,200 more deaths than would be expected based on historical patterns – a 13% increase between 11 March and 16 June, the report notes.
Excess deaths peaked by 33% over a six-week period from 25 March to 5 May. During this period, there was an increase of 1,200 deaths from expected figures, with 1,332 Covid-19-related deaths officially reported.
‘Interesting but not a surprise’
ADVERTISEMENT
Hiqa’s Chief Scientist, Dr Conor Teljeur, said the analysis shows “clear evidence of excess deaths occurring since the first reported death due to Covid-19 in Ireland”.
“However, the number of excess deaths is substantially less than the reported 1,709 Covid-19-related deaths over the same period.”
Hiqa found that the official number of reported Covid-19 deaths likely “overestimates the true burden of excess deaths caused by the virus”.
The report states that this could be due to the inclusion within official figures of people who were infected with the virus at the time of death whose cause of death may have been predominantly due to other factors.
Speaking to RTÉ’s News at One, Teljeur said the official figure of 1,709 is likely “an accurate estimate”.
“It may be a slight overestimate, but it is likely to be an accurate estimate. Excess mortality, it has a limitation that doesn’t necessarily fully state the burden of Covid-19 on mortality.
“So excess mortality is trying to contrast the number of deaths that were observed with the number that were expected. And as some of these people were expected to have died during that period, then they don’t count towards the excess mortality.
“But the reality is, they did die because of Covid-19, and it therefore contributes to the overall mortality and we need to count that correctly.”
@Sean Reddin: ?? U ok hun? PM me xx
@JusticeForJoe: The Clare TD was questioning Interim Director of Ireland’s Health Protection Surveillance Centre Dr. John Cuddihy about the current system of recording Covid cases and deaths in Ireland, when it was acknowledged by the doctor that if patients die because of a heart attack, stroke or other ailment, but are found to have tested positive for Covid-19, they will be recorded as a Covid-19 death as per the World Health Organization guidelines.
“If somebody who is asymptomatic…and they have a heart attack and are brought to hospital and are tested…and they die soon thereafter…are they recorded as a Covid death or not?” McNamara asked. “If they have tested positive for Covid but ultimately came to hospital because they’ve had a heart attack or a stroke, or fallen off the roof of a building or something like that?”
Responding to the TD, Dr. Cuddihy said, “[W]e adhere to the World Health Organization case definition in terms of the recording and reporting of deaths. So in the situation that you describe, where someone has a positive Covid test, then it is a death in a confirmed Covid case, but such a case would be subject to a coroner’s report as well, and as part of the ongoing validation of the data in Ireland’s surveillance system, we would take additional details in relation…”
Interjecting. McNamara said a coroner’s report takes a very long time to make its way through the system, prompting Cuddihy to confirm that a deceased person may be taken off the list of Covid-19 deaths at a later date following that report.
McNamara also asked Dr. Cuddihy about whether someone hospitalized with “a broken leg”, but then tested and found to be a positive in hospital, would be counted among the Covid-19 hospitalization numbers, to which the director of Ireland’s Health Protection Surveillance Centre said “they are included in the surveillance statistics, yeah.”
Dr. Cuddihy’s explanation of how deaths are being counted is consistent with official reports in July that Ireland’s death-toll from Covid-19 was overestimated.
@JusticeForJoe: Check your PM’s luv, tanx for the support x
@JusticeForJoe: im sure you could look it up yourself
@Vladimir Macro: These daily amateur dissections of just how accurate the official advice is get is, according to unqualified nobodys, are a waste of everyone’s time.
*we get
@JusticeForJoe: Chair of Covid-19 Oireachtas committee quizzing Reid and/or Henry of HSE.
@Sean Reddin: it was also noted publicly by leo varadkar.
@JusticeForJoe: just like your deflection from a wider debate is too joe. But hey…….
@Faded79: The covid situation is far too urgent to be diluting it with a “wider debate” while it’s killing people all over the world. Have that debate when the crisis is over. Meanwhile, do everything you can to help us get to that point. That would be the proper way to deal with it. Would you stop and discuss the state of the healthcare system before calling an ambulance?
@JusticeForJoe: interesting how when the evidence you ask for is provided you change tack and tell us how there is no time for this evidence to be assessed because of the threat or not which is the source of the original comment. I hope you realise the circular argument you are attempting to make. When there is no time for discourse on how to deal with a problem, we have a new problem.
@Ivan Connolly: I’m not changing tack. Do you think the “evidence” above is conclusive? Matter closed? I don’t. I’m just asking that people park it and deal with the… ya know what… forget it.
Carry on your good work spreading your truths and viruses.
@Sean Reddin: How can you trust a government that’s made up of liars.
@JusticeForJoe: not saying it was conclusive at all, merely stating that when the evidence you asked for was provided you decided that we don’t have time to discuss the evidence. The fact that there is evidence which can lead us to question the current government approach yet you are telling us we can’t assess it further emphasises the problem here which is, people like you are so convinced of your position that you wish to belittle and muffle anybody who doesn’t agree with you. In the long run that is a potentially greater harm to our society. But as you say, you just carry on spreading your truth but try and do it without being offensive to others.
@Ivan Connolly: I’m honestly not convinced of anything, other than what the majority of experts are saying. That’s it. I’m honestly just asking people to believe scientific consensus where it exists. I hate everything about what this virus is doing to everybody in every way that it’s affecting people, directly and indirectly.
I do apologise for my tone though. I know we’re all stressed.
So if the deaths are from underlying conditions, why report them as covid-19 deaths at all? That’s just plumping up the numbers for justification of spending extra money on a pandemic which isn’t as bad as the doomsayers are letting on. This pandemic will definitely increase death rates next year with all the postponed other health issues because of lockdowns.
@Twitruser2020: Because covid is what causes the death. Lots of people live long lives with underlying conditions.
@JusticeForJoe: Read the article please.
@Twitruser2020: Why would anyone want to “plump up the figures”. And the pandemic “isn’t as bad”? You really haven’t got a clue….no wonder you post anonymously. How embarrassing for you.
@Paul Furey: Great counter argument, well done my embarrasment in my opinion is showing. I can change my writing to red…
@Twitruser2020: the pandemic is as bad as the “doomsayers are letting on”. Have you been paying attention to the rest of the world? The article explained that people with underlying conditions who had contracted covid, but had an underlying condition, would have lived longer if not for getting covid.
@JusticeForJoe: not always
@Paul Furey: I must say, your ability to get your argument across in a mature manner is second to none? Tell me, what do you hope to do when you leave school?
Are we going to have a day of rememberable for those who died of cancer?
@Sean Oige: rememberable?
@HairyTeeth: Are you surprised?
@Sean Oige: Daffodil day? There are numerous events, fundraisers and services for cancer victims every year.
And yet we’re seeing that registered deaths are down on 10 year average…..now how could that be?
@Kieran Hayes: maybe because we’ve been in restrictions all year… Far less car accidents, pedestrian accidents, drownings, flu is way down so pneumonia amongst older people… the list goes on and on and on… use your head.
Without restrictions we would be like the North with over 50 deaths per day taking into account population… so again… use your head before committing would be an idea.
@Kieran Hayes: Less ways to contribute to the deaths this year? Less driving, construction and workplace accidents, trasmission of illness, etc.
@Kieran Hayes: hard luck mister. That’s your conspiracy creation attempt shot down.
@Kieran Hayes: Is that an actual question or an insinuation that something is amiss ? Sometimes the correct answer to a question is simply ‘I don’t know’. I don’t know the answer either. Could it be less accidental deaths, less workplace accidents, less car accidents, less drownings, less falling/getting hit by cars on the way home from the pub, less choking in restaurants ? No idea, I don’t know. And no-one will know until all the data is analysed. Then we’ll know.
@Kieran Hayes: Are we? 22000 in the first three quarters with about 3500 still to be registered so 25500 plus the 7,500+ expected in the last quarter, would leave around 33,000ish. About 1500-2000 higher than last year and the year before which were the years with the highest number of deaths in the previous 10 years. Deaths have been rising pretty consistently over that 5 year period though so an increase of about 500 would have been in line with that trend. The excess is likley covid related, either from disease or lack of medical care.
@NotMyIreland: *rising over that 10 year period
@Glenn Halpin: So Covid completely eradicated flu and pneumonia? Really using your head there
@Kieran Hayes: No, but hand washing, masks and social distancing reduced it. It’s not that hard to understand, use your head.
@Glenn Halpin: Nonsense.
There is less than 1 death per day for road deaths / pedestrian deaths / drownings. Approx 260 in total last year.
Given between 80 & 90 people die every day in Ireland a reduction in those deaths will have limited impact on the overall figure.
@NotMyIreland: Deaths from from 2018 and 2019 flu season were lower than average so that’s where the excess is coming
@Alan Kenny: Recorded flu deaths for 2018-2019 were marginally down at 45, the average being 60-120 per year but this is certainly partially because they were way up in 2017-2018 season when they were 255.
Age of people CSO say died from Covid.
under 25 =0
25-49 = 15
50-64= 76
65-79= 379
80+ = 992
Total=1462
The crazy thing is that cancer killed 7,269 yet we are running at massively reduced services and detection rates are way below other years meaning it will be identified later and almost certain death for people.Our cancer deaths are far going to out number the amount of people we have saved from Covid.
@great gael of Eire: But you can’t catch cancer visiting a shop, and cancer was not doubling in frequency every couple of weeks until we did something to slow the epidemic.
Also, look at countries with out of control epidemics. 30% of people who died of COVID-19 in Peru were younger than 60, including 78 children under 9. That’s because their hospitals collapsed under a tsunami of COVID-19, so younger patients died for want of medical care. Here’s people cuing for oxygen cylinders for their sick relatives:
What we saw instead was a lockdown that preserved our hospitals, so those who died tended to be too sickest and most elderly, people unfortunately too ill to save.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru#Demographics
@David Jordan: Aye the whole cancer isn’t contagious thing. Then go half way around the world to find a statistic to prove you’re theory. I could do the same but lets stick to Ireland because that’s where we live not Peru because i could find a country that proves the opposite. The facts are that 99.9% of people who get Covid are fine. This is data and statistics. There is a small percentage that need to go to hospital and an ever smaller percentage who die with it and even smaller amounts who die from it. We need to protect people who are 65 and up. Why didn’t we target them and let other people get on with things?
What we saw in this country was the dept of health holding the country to ransom. The years of mismanagement has finally caught up with it. They couldn’t handle the flu season last year never mind Covid this year. The missed all their targets. While other countries were beefing up A&E’s we did nothing. Nothing to see here move along. Since March they were given money for an extra 60 beds. We need alot more than that but started with 60 and they delivered 20. If this virus was a deadly as they make it out to be why didn’t they pull out all the stops and create an extra 300 beds. nurses were leaving Australia to help but were never hired by the HSE.
instead of the HSE getting their act together they advised the govt to lock down the entire country which will have catastrophic ramifications. we have 350,000 people out of work. They will not have any jobs to go back to if this doesn’t end soon most of them work in SME. We had the strictest lockdown in Europe in 2020 and we are still in lockdown. More people are going to die and suffer abuse than we will ever save from Covid, We are also seeing a massive transfer of wealth from poor people to rich people and the end result will be increased poverty and more poverty means more crimes and deaths.
@David Jordan:
How do you know that you can’t catch cancer from visiting a shop?
I’m sure that there have been plenty of shopkeepers down the years that have contracted cancer.
It’s like saying that you can’t get Covid from attending a BLM march, but you can if have a pint of Guinness without a 9 euro meal.
How many people died from flu last year in comparison to this year?
@paul starrs: Google it?
@paul starrs: “How many people died from flu last year in comparison to this year?”
97 people died from Flu during the 32 week long 2018/2019 flu season, and 110 flu related deaths were reported in the most recent 2019/2020 flu season, that began on Oct 1 2019.
However, since April, Flu has almost disappeared e.g. of 375 people tested in the last 4 weeks, no one tested positive for Flu viruses. And no one was admitted to hospital with Flu in the last 4 weeks. This is due to the lockdown, flu is less contagious than SARS-COV-2, as many people have pre-existing immunity to Flu and there’s a vaccine. Flu is a lot easier to suppress.
Globally Flu is way down, it decreased by about 98% in the US.
“Data from clinical laboratories in the United States indicated a 61% decrease in the number of specimens submitted (from a median of 49,696 per week during September 29, 2019–February 29, 2020, to 19,537 during March 1–May 16, 2020) and a 98% decrease in influenza activity as measured by percentage of submitted specimens testing positive (from a median of 19.34% to 0.33%).”
Links:
Olsen, S.J. 2020. Decreased Influenza Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, Australia, Chile, and South Africa, 2020. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69, https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6937a6
This works out to less that 5 deaths a day in a country of nearly 5 million people, and that is if these figures are to be trusted as not being overstated. Deadly pandemic indeed! If only 6.5% of the health service was focused on Covid 19. There would have been far fewer deaths from heart attacks, strokes etc if there hadn’t been a complete reorientation of the health service towards Covid. That’s not to mention the number of late cancer diagnosis and diagnosis of other diseases.
@Michael Mc Carthy: What is the percentage increase for heart attack/stroke deaths this year when compared to 2019 or 2018 ?
BS
@Ray Jakans: its not.
Just leaving a comment implying very vaguely that we are very slightly over-reacting to COVID-19 in the knowledge that Justice4Joe will leave an aggressive and bizarre reply.
@EnKy: Why I oughta…
That is one of my main issues, labelling, this Virus, as a killer, in all the tests results, which have only produced, an average of six percent of those tested, positive, and who went with symptoms, which could be related to this, What did the others have, The Flu, common cold, allergies, each of these viruses can effect certain people in different ways, the same as allergies, many have died because they were allergic to certain products, we have all these warnings on products, now for that safety purpose, we could do similar with this, virus, what happens when another one pops up, the same quaritine again, and again, we might never get out of this cycle.
@Peter Dunwoody: Why do you say we might never get out of this cycle when we expect to have vaccines fully rolled out next year?
Can people please stop with the “we can’t go on like this indefinitely” argument now that we know we won’t have to, please?
I wonder how many unborn have died during this period. I guess that if they were regarded as persons they would be at top of the list.
Let us not forget the 6,666 abortions carried out in Ireland in 2019. Abortion, if it were included, would be the second biggest cause of death of humans in the Republic of Ireland. Human embryos and foetuses are individual human organisms, with their own unique DNA, although they are incapable of independent living, they are essentially human by nature, a scientific fact that can’t be denied. They don’t have the right to life though. Abortion kills these individual vulnerable humans, a scientific fact not often acknowledged.
@Dónal Mac Cormaic: no they are not
@Dónal Mac Cormaic: Here is a fact for you ; You don’t care about the human embryos that are lost due to miscarriage. Shame on you!
@Francis Mc Carthy: I didn’t mention them and cant edit but they are of course equally relevant too. Thanks for that
Is that the wrong end of the stick? I thought it was ‘underlying’ causes that killed people infected with Covid?
Another disingenuous headline why would anyone need to sell an epidemic, by their nature, people would not need to be told that theres an epidemic!
This is lies , how many people were perfectly healthy contracted covid and died , the same way as cancer victims die , the answer is very very few
Use precise geolocation data. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Store and/or access information on a device. Personalised advertising and content, advertising and content measurement, audience research and services development.
These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work.
These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites. They do not store directly personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising.
These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. If you do not allow these cookies then these services may not function properly.
These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you do not allow these cookies we will not be able to monitor our performance.
Cookies, device or similar online identifiers (e.g. login-based identifiers, randomly assigned identifiers, network based identifiers) together with other information (e.g. browser type and information, language, screen size, supported technologies etc.) can be stored or read on your device to recognise it each time it connects to an app or to a website, for one or several of the purposes presented here.
Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit the number of times an ad is presented to you).
Information about your activity on this service (such as forms you submit, content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about you (for example, information from your previous activity on this service and other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a profile about you (that might include possible interests and personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present advertising that appears more relevant based on your possible interests by this and other entities.
Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on your advertising profiles, which can reflect your activity on this service or other websites or apps (like the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests and personal aspects.
Information about your activity on this service (for instance, forms you submit, non-advertising content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about you (such as your previous activity on this service or other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a profile about you (which might for example include possible interests and personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present content that appears more relevant based on your possible interests, such as by adapting the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find content that matches your interests.
Content presented to you on this service can be based on your content personalisation profiles, which can reflect your activity on this or other services (for instance, the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests and personal aspects. This can for example be used to adapt the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find (non-advertising) content that matches your interests.
Information regarding which advertising is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine how well an advert has worked for you or other users and whether the goals of the advertising were reached. For instance, whether you saw an ad, whether you clicked on it, whether it led you to buy a product or visit a website, etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of advertising campaigns.
Information regarding which content is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine whether the (non-advertising) content e.g. reached its intended audience and matched your interests. For instance, whether you read an article, watch a video, listen to a podcast or look at a product description, how long you spent on this service and the web pages you visit etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of (non-advertising) content that is shown to you.
Reports can be generated based on the combination of data sets (like user profiles, statistics, market research, analytics data) regarding your interactions and those of other users with advertising or (non-advertising) content to identify common characteristics (for instance, to determine which target audiences are more receptive to an ad campaign or to certain contents).
Information about your activity on this service, such as your interaction with ads or content, can be very helpful to improve products and services and to build new products and services based on user interactions, the type of audience, etc. This specific purpose does not include the development or improvement of user profiles and identifiers.
Content presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type, or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit the number of times a video or an article is presented to you).
With your acceptance, your precise location (within a radius of less than 500 metres) may be used in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
With your acceptance, certain characteristics specific to your device might be requested and used to distinguish it from other devices (such as the installed fonts or plugins, the resolution of your screen) in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Your data can be used to monitor for and prevent unusual and possibly fraudulent activity (for example, regarding advertising, ad clicks by bots), and ensure systems and processes work properly and securely. It can also be used to correct any problems you, the publisher or the advertiser may encounter in the delivery of content and ads and in your interaction with them.
Certain information (like an IP address or device capabilities) is used to ensure the technical compatibility of the content or advertising, and to facilitate the transmission of the content or ad to your device.
Information about your activity on this service may be matched and combined with other information relating to you and originating from various sources (for instance your activity on a separate online service, your use of a loyalty card in-store, or your answers to a survey), in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
In support of the purposes explained in this notice, your device might be considered as likely linked to other devices that belong to you or your household (for instance because you are logged in to the same service on both your phone and your computer, or because you may use the same Internet connection on both devices).
Your device might be distinguished from other devices based on information it automatically sends when accessing the Internet (for instance, the IP address of your Internet connection or the type of browser you are using) in support of the purposes exposed in this notice.
The choices you make regarding the purposes and entities listed in this notice are saved and made available to those entities in the form of digital signals (such as a string of characters). This is necessary in order to enable both this service and those entities to respect such choices.
have your say