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Children 'not significantly contributing' to spread of Covid-19 at home or in schools

The Health Information and Quality Authority has published findings about the spread of coronavirus.

CHILDREN ARE NOT substantially contributing to the spread of Covid-19 in their household or in schools, the health watchdog has said.

The Health Information and Quality Authority (Hiqa) has published summaries investigating the international evidence on immunity and the spread of the virus by children.

It said that, while evidence is limited, children are not significant contributors to the spread.

Hiqa deputy chief executive and director of health technology assessment Dr Mairin Ryan said: “One study suggests that, while there is high transmission of Covid-19 among adults aged 25 years or older, transmission is lower in younger people, particularly in those under 14 years of age.

“An Australian study that examined potential spread from 18 confirmed (nine students and nine staff) cases to over 800 close contacts in 15 different schools found that no teacher or staff member contracted Covid-19 from any of the initial school cases.

“One child from a primary school and one child from a high school may have contracted Covid-19 from the initial cases at their schools.”

Hiqa also found that there remains a lack of clear evidence as to whether long-term immunity is possible from Sars-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19.

Ryan said that studies have shown that antibodies against Sars-CoV-2 develop soon after infection.

“However, as Sars-CoV-2 is a new virus, there is no long-term evidence of immunity. Continued monitoring is needed to assess the adequacy and duration of the immune response for Covid-19,” she said.

“Evidence for other types of serious coronavirus infections, such as Sars-CoV-1, shows that the antibody response is maintained for one to two years after initial infection and decreases thereafter.

“It is not yet possible to determine if reinfection is possible following recovery from Covid-19.

“While some individuals have tested positive after recovery, this is likely due to virus re-detection where there is intermittent shedding of the virus rather than reinfection with a second virus.”

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    Mute Sean Higgins
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    May 13th 2020, 1:11 PM

    If I’m not mistaken the Swiss reported this over a month ago…….

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    Mute Clyde
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    May 13th 2020, 8:13 PM

    @Sean Higgins: Indeed, but their report was full of holes.

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    Mute Morning Gus
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    May 13th 2020, 1:08 PM

    Typical children, they never contribute.

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    Mute Owen O'Murchú
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    May 13th 2020, 1:13 PM

    @Morning Gus: well I’m here watching a 1 year old trying to sweep the floor but he is doing a terrible job so your probably right.

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    Mute Brian Guilfoyle
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    May 13th 2020, 1:17 PM

    @Owen O’Murchú: they can’t even use an iron properly!!

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    Mute John
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    May 13th 2020, 1:20 PM

    @Brian Guilfoyle: Great at cleaning chimneys though.

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    Mute Pablo
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    May 13th 2020, 1:34 PM

    @John: Ah in fairness John, not all of them are good at it. Our middle lad Porky was useless.

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    Mute Owen O'Murchú
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    May 13th 2020, 1:39 PM

    @Brian Guilfoyle: to be fair in 35 and I still haven’t figured that one out Brian.

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    Mute Marianne
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    May 13th 2020, 1:14 PM

    But there is evidence that children are being widely infected but with different symptions to adults ie..inflamation of heart and other organs..

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    Mute Craic-Hommy
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    May 13th 2020, 1:18 PM

    @Marianne: word

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    Mute Wheresmyjumper
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    May 13th 2020, 1:19 PM

    @Marianne: no these is not, all the above is rare

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    Mute Craic-Hommy
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    May 13th 2020, 1:20 PM

    @Marianne: widely infected? The numbers are a tiny fraction. Interested to know what your definition of widely infected is?

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    Mute Macca Attack
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    May 13th 2020, 1:26 PM

    @Craic-Hommy: report also states with very limited evidence. Take it with a pinch of salt

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    Mute D Mems
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    May 13th 2020, 1:37 PM

    @Macca Attack: the original Australian report actually makes that point themselves, it’s an indicator but not conclusive and recommends more detailed research is required.

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    Mute Sos
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    May 13th 2020, 1:56 PM

    @Wheresmyjumper: also in nearly every case the child was clinically obese or had significant underlying conditions https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/12/well/family/coronavirus-children-covid-19.html nothing like a bit of fact free scare mongering though

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    Mute Melina Roberts
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    May 13th 2020, 4:07 PM

    @Craic-Hommy: 100 children in New York been affected with inflammation symptoms that are linked to Covid 19

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    Mute Melina Roberts
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    May 13th 2020, 4:14 PM

    @Melina Roberts: ‘Major concern’: Nearly 100 New York children treated for mysterious inflammatory illness thought to be linked to Covid-19 https://www.rt.com/usa/488492-new-york-children-mystery-syndrome/

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    Mute Mary Walshe
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    May 13th 2020, 1:29 PM

    If that is the case, why not allow the schools to reopen?
    While keeping the children away from the elderly and vulnerable?

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    Mute Rochelle
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    May 13th 2020, 2:08 PM

    @Mary Walshe: What happens in situations where a childs parent has one of the high risk conditions or for those living with grandparents?

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    Mute Wheresmyjumper
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    May 13th 2020, 2:14 PM

    @Rochelle: their is minimal to no risk of children passing this on to adults

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    Mute Conor Egan
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    May 13th 2020, 2:23 PM

    @Mary Walshe: you have to also consider hundreds of parents congregating in a small area to collect/drop off children. Staff rooms, etc. also. I know some of this could be alleviated by staggered opening times and breaks but it is not as straightforward as simply reopening.

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    Mute NotMyIreland
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    May 13th 2020, 2:32 PM

    @Wheresmyjumper: Its far to early to make a statement like that. For every study you find that suggests that, you find one with the opposite conclusions. From what I’ve seen anyway.

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    Mute Wheresmyjumper
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    May 13th 2020, 2:42 PM

    @NotMyIreland: we have to start playing the odds at some stage, at the moment despite a pandemic no child has passed this on to an adult and after 6 months this is good enough for me

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    Mute Fabio Dillon
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    May 13th 2020, 3:01 PM

    @Rochelle: did you read the article?

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    Mute NotMyIreland
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    May 13th 2020, 3:03 PM

    @Wheresmyjumper: A recent study showed that closing schools reduced the R0 by 0.3. Considering the aim is to keep it below 0.3 is a huge jump. This of course includes the spread from teachers but as a general overview it is worrying that it changes the R0 so considerably, and would suggest children may be spreading it. The same study found that even with mild symptoms children have as much of a viral load as very ill adults. Again as viral load is linked to the spread this also indicates they may be spreading it Yes there may be no confirmed cases of spread from children to adult but as it is actually very hard to track the spread in all forms on an individual basis, it doesn’t mean that it isn’t happening. There were loads of cases in this country where the source of infection was unknown

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    Mute Wheresmyjumper
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    May 13th 2020, 3:07 PM

    @NotMyIreland: the Swiss are doing the work for us, so we’ll find out in a couple of weeks, at some point we are just going to have to play the odds and get on with our lives

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    Mute NotMyIreland
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    May 13th 2020, 3:13 PM

    @Wheresmyjumper: Yeah I’m with you there. Im all for playing the odds, but prefer to play when they are stacked in my favour with a good chance of a good return. By the time schools return in September they should know a lot more.

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    Mute Rochelle
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    May 13th 2020, 3:29 PM

    @Fabio Dillon: Yes. The research isn’t saying children don’t spread the virus, it’s saying they haven’t been significant contributors to date. The reason for that is pretty obvious considering schools have been closed for months.

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    Mute Pseud O'Nym
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    May 13th 2020, 4:30 PM

    @NotMyIreland: have you a link to that study? Just wondering how they isolated the effect of schools closing from other ‘lockdown’ factors.

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    Mute Craic-Hommy
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    May 13th 2020, 1:21 PM

    Based on a review of very few studies. It’s too early to make claims like this. Needs a lot more research which will take time

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    Mute Conor Egan
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    May 13th 2020, 1:24 PM

    @Craic-Hommy: am I right in reading in the Australian case study that while nobody was infected from the children there was also nobody infected from the teachers also? (9 students and 9 teachers)

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    Mute NotMyIreland
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    May 13th 2020, 1:31 PM

    @Craic-Hommy: Yes far too early. The NY times reported on two studies last week suggesting otherwise. One found the R0 number dropped by 0.3 when schools were closed. So if a country can get their R0 well below 1, like 0.5 consistently they could afford to open schools without raising R0 above 1 again.

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    Mute Gordon Comstock
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    May 13th 2020, 1:32 PM

    @Conor Egan: it’s starting to look like rather than kids getting infected but being asymptomatic they are just not getting infected at all in most cases. Smokers and asthmatics also appear to be immune but less evidence to suggest they are immune entirely rather than just asymptomatic. Could be a lot of people locked down unnecessarily.

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    Mute D Mems
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    May 13th 2020, 1:40 PM

    @Gordon Comstock: where is the source to your claim that ‘smokers and asthmatics also appear to be immune’? I ask simply because so many of the fatalities, let alone severe cases, fall into those categories.

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    Mute Pablo
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    May 13th 2020, 1:40 PM

    @Conor Egan: The ABC in Australia reported a case of a student in an Australian school who was suspected of catching it off an infected teacher.

    https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-20/student-tests-positive-to-covid-19-at-unley-high/12074128

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    Mute Gordon Comstock
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    May 13th 2020, 1:54 PM

    @D Mems: smokers is based on the original outbreak in Wuhan. Despite having a large percentage of smokers the numbers of hospitalisations of smokers was in the low single digits. Asthma similarly appears to be underrepresented in hospitalisations. These are significant because you expect both groups to be over-represented when respiratory infections are going around. It’s just based on stats at present but that’s all we really have at the moment.

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    Mute D Mems
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    May 13th 2020, 2:45 PM

    @Gordon Comstock: that’s an anecdote, where is your source?

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    Mute Gordon Comstock
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    May 13th 2020, 2:51 PM

    @D Mems: what exactly is it that you think anecdote means?

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    Mute Lorraine Mac Rory
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    May 13th 2020, 3:03 PM

    @Gordon Comstock: I’m an asthmatic. I bought masks, hand sanitizer and disinfectant wipes and started using them the minute the virus hit Europe. I started complete isolation when the schools closed and haven’t been in a shop or someone else’s house since. it could be that asthmatics etc are simply being more careful rather than they’re somehow immune.

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    Mute NotMyIreland
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    May 13th 2020, 3:09 PM

    @Gordon Comstock: When will they change the warning on a packet of cigs so? No more “smoking kills” maybe instead “Smoking kills but stay covid free”. They think its the nicotine that effects the virus. Luke O’Neill said they are now even trialling nicotine patches.

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    Mute Gordon Comstock
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    May 13th 2020, 3:11 PM

    @Lorraine Mac Rory: could be, but that doesn’t protect asthmatics from the flu. The hypothesis at the moment is that is has something to do with mucus. Both smokers and asthmatics tend to produce more mucus than average, so if mucus can successfully fight the infection it would explain why both of these usually overrepresented groups are underrepresented with this respiratory infection.

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    Mute Niall Ó Cofaigh
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    May 13th 2020, 3:17 PM

    @D Mems: as an ex smoker I just could not believe it but I did look it up and there are many sources..

    World Health Organization say they are currently reviewing research and studies concerning smoking and nicotine and will release further statements in the coming days.

    The Economist: A quarter of French adults smoke. Many people were surprised, therefore, when researchers reported late in April that only 5% of 482 covid-19 patients who came to the Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital in Paris between February 28th and April 9th were daily smokers. The ratios of smokers to non-smokers in earlier tallies at hospitals in America, China and elsewhere in France varied. But all revealed habitual smokers to be significantly underrepresented among those requiring hospital treatment for the illness. Smokers, the authors of the report wrote, “are much less likely” to suffer severely from sars-cov-2, the virus that causes covid-19. Rarely, they added, is such a result seen in medicine

    Although this is a more balanced approach https://www.euronews.com/2020/05/07/covid-19-and-smoking-what-does-the-who-say

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    Mute Lorraine Mac Rory
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    May 13th 2020, 3:35 PM

    @Gordon Comstock: washing hands, hand sanitizer and airing rooms all protect from the flu. As an asthmatic I’m entitled to a free flu vaccine which I get every year. I also use hepa filtration in my vacuum and air filters which can terminate viruses from the air.
    Again, it could be that asthmatics etc are more careful and maintain better respiratory hygiene. Thanks but I won’t be going off your hypotheses that I’m immune any time soon!

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    Mute Gordon Comstock
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    May 13th 2020, 3:52 PM

    @Lorraine Mac Rory: the point is that despite asthmatics being more likely to receive the flu shot, and as you say more likely to be precautionary during flu seasons, they are still overrepresented in flu hospitalisations. And that’s expected every year. That asthmatics are significantly underrepresented in covid hospitalisations means either asthmatics are not as susceptible to covid, or that asthmatics are being significantly more cautious at present than they are during flu seasons and significantly more cautious than everyone else, and this caution is producing results. It’s a lot more likely that asthmatics are just not as susceptible to this infection as non-asthmatics. We don’t yet know why though, but the mucus thing looks promising. But childhood immunity could also be a factor.

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    Mute Lorraine Mac Rory
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    May 13th 2020, 5:20 PM

    @Gordon Comstock: ah sorry! I misunderstood part of your comment. I was wondering myself about autoimmune disorders and covid. Covid kills by over activating the immune system. I wonder are malfunctioning immune systems more or less likely to overreact to covid.

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    Mute Gordon Comstock
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    May 13th 2020, 6:41 PM

    @Lorraine Mac Rory: I wouldn’t know, but as I understand it if you’re young and healthy your immune system will attack it and win. The problem arises if that initial attack by your immune system isn’t successful, it’s the second wave defence by your immune system that causes the potentially fatal overreaction. If the excess mucus thing is what’s helping smokers and asthmatics then maybe the first wave attack by their immune systems is bolstered by that excess mucus in their systems anyway, which significantly reduces the possibility of the potentially fatal second wave. But this is all guess work obviously.

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    Mute Alice Collins
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    May 13th 2020, 1:42 PM

    Isn’t that most likely because they are not in school therefore not coming into contact with it? Schools are breeding grounds for all germs and this will be no different.

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    Mute Sorcha Ní Shúilleabháin
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    May 13th 2020, 10:40 PM

    @Mary: Yeah Mary. The teachers can do all the cleaning, we’ll ask the parents to come in and do the teaching and the cleaners can go home and raise the children!

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    Mute Vin
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    May 13th 2020, 1:27 PM

    A study of 15 schools from before the virus was actually widespread

    How can anything be concluded from that?

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    Mute Shane Cassidy
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    May 13th 2020, 1:50 PM

    Luckily there is not a single person over the age of 25 in a school that are at risk to themselves or a risk to others in bringing it back to their homes !!! I’d rather be in school than on zoom but it has to be safe for all people involved in education. No compromising on safety just to get kids out and parents back into work !

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    Mute Eoin Doe
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    May 13th 2020, 1:25 PM

    Yeah right, how many times have you been sick when your kids have brought a cold/flu from school.

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    Mute D Mems
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    May 13th 2020, 1:40 PM

    @Eoin Doe: covid-19 isn’t a cold or a flu though.

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    Mute FecklessBear
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    May 13th 2020, 2:01 PM

    @D Mems: common cold is a closely related coronavirus though

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    Mute Dave Harris
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    May 13th 2020, 2:15 PM

    @FecklessBear: throwing a rock at someone is loosely the same as shooting a bullet at someone

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    Mute seamus toomey
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    May 13th 2020, 3:28 PM

    @D Mems: covid virus

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    Mute NotMyIreland
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    May 13th 2020, 3:41 PM

    @seamus toomey: what?

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    Mute Bartron5000
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    May 13th 2020, 3:29 PM

    Are all the 12 13 14 15 year olds that are going around in gamgs classed as children?

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    Mute Divad Nayr
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    May 13th 2020, 3:08 PM

    They tested 7 children ! Ffs

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    Mute sally
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    May 13th 2020, 3:34 PM

    @Divad Nayr: read the article again

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    Mute Lochlainn Marcus
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    May 13th 2020, 3:32 PM

    Data on this is very limited however! It’s not a certainty by any means!

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    Mute Frainc Ó Broin
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    May 13th 2020, 4:00 PM

    All this in the media will result in people letting their kids out more, harmless hopefully!

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    Mute Duke Zachary VVM
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    May 13th 2020, 6:10 PM

    Bollocks!

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