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THE GP CRISIS has worsened over the past decade as a surge in population was not matched by an equivalent increase in doctors.
That was one of the main findings of a cross-border investigation published by The Journal Investigates last week.
Readers contacted us from cities and villages across Ireland following our report to tell us about how the GP shortage is impacting their health.
They were left praying their infections would clear up or resorting to already overcrowded emergency departments for care.
We also heard from doctors on the frontline of the crisis, struggling to retire with no GP to take over their practice.
Thank you to everyone who got in touch.
Here’s what you told us.
‘You tend to just power through your illnesses’
Daniel in Dublin said for about the last four to five years “you cannot make GP appointments”.
“The process for all local GPs is you need to ring at 9am to get an appointment for the day. And you take what you’re given. As you can imagine the lines are jammed whenever you try ring.”
This rules out arranging appointments in advance outside school times or for non-emergency, more routine check-ups, crucial for preventative care.
Daniel said that moving is not an option.
All GPs in the area are refusing new patients so you’re stuck with who you have.
This came to a head recently during a “bad run in our family with illness”. When Daniel’s wife “became extremely ill quickly in the afternoon” and was unable to get a GP appointment. Instead, she spent over 15 hours waiting to be seen in Beaumont Hospital.
“You tend to just power through your illnesses. Hardly ideal. Or for things I want to maybe get checked I tend to just put off since it’s a morning rush to try get a slot.”
Daniel told us he feels “the GP system has collapsed in recent years with no real urgency or notice about it”.
Another reader in Dublin said he was often “forced to bring young children to A&E in Tallaght or Crumlin” due to difficulties in getting GP appointments.
He said that they would be “lucky” to get an in-person appointment the same week, and can’t even get phone appointments the same day anymore.
The father worries about exposing his children “to further infections” in emergency departments. He spent nine hours waiting with his six-year-old the last time they needed to go.
Because a lack of GP appointments is driving people to hospitals, one reader said it was unfair that those who present to emergency departments without a GP letter are charged €100.
“Any person who has made a genuine effort to attend GP should not be charged.”
The Journal Investigates put this to the HSE who said that in addition to those who have a letter of referral “from a registered medical practitioner”, this €100 charge is exempt for people with medical cards or whose attendance results in admission as an in-patient.
Is this charge under review given the GP shortage? “There are no plans at present to amend these provisions,” the spokesperson told us.
The HSE said that “many injuries can be treated at the 14 injury units around the country”. These cost €75 to attend, though are free with medical cards or referral letters, including from an emergency department, but some have age limits.
They “treat recent injuries that are not life-threatening and unlikely to result in admission to hospital”.
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When unable to access GPs, other readers turned to private online doctors or clinics which they said were costly, especially if not covered by health insurance.
Some hoped for the best and took GP appointments that were weeks away, leaving them anxious.
Because of “non-existent” appointments with her local GP, Bibi in Wexford said “the only option left” is an online doctor.
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“A great service but at the same time you pray whatever infection you have will clear up with the small amount of information you give them.”
After working for over 45 years, she said “it’s just not acceptable to have to rely on this method”.
Marion in Kildare used to get an appointment within 24 hours “a couple of years ago” but now waits “a week or more”.
She said she doesn’t even bother looking for an appointment anymore as she has “to know a week in advance” if she’s going to be sick.
Instead, she asks her pharmacist for help. “But as I have heart disease and angina, he doesn’t be too eager to diagnose my condition or change any medications.”
Even when Brian in Donegal rings “at 9 o’clock on the dot”, he is often told “there are no spots that particular day”. Due to waiting lists, he said it’s also not possible to book in advance.
“It makes me more likely to push concerns off as I don’t think I’ll get seen when I want to be.
“I also feel guilty if I go and the doctor says that it’s nothing to worry about as I’ve ‘taken’ an appointment from someone else.”
‘Met with closed doors when proactive’
Some readers who contacted us were waiting to be seen for a number of weeks for an appointment.
This included Sean in Louth who was “experiencing pain and discomfort” from a cyst on his wrist. He was told by his GP last year it would go away by itself but these new symptoms began recently.
When he rang his GP “looking to get it removed”, he was told the next appointment was two weeks away, and that he would need a referral to get it removed somewhere else.
“God knows how long I will be waiting to remove this cyst from my wrist.
This is a joke and the fact I will have to pay €60 for my GP to send a referral somewhere else is a disgrace!
A reader in Leinster who contacted us was waiting for two months to be seen to have an unexplained bruise on her breast examined.
When she initially called for an appointment, the secretary told her someone would call her back, but this did not happen. She called again two weeks later only to be told she would have to wait for six more weeks to see her doctor.
“This is not a minor inconvenience; it is a complete failure,” she said.
It leaves patients in limbo, forced to either wait indefinitely or seek costly private care.
“We are told to be proactive about our health, yet when we try, we are met with closed doors. How is this acceptable?”
When asked about lack of access to GPs and its impact on preventative care, a Department of Health (DOH) spokesperson said:
“The Government is committed, as per the Programme for Government, to increase the number of GPs practicing across the country and thereby improve access to GP care for all patients.
“A Strategic Review of General Practice is currently underway which is examining the broad range of issues affecting general practice.”
The DOH said that under the 2019 GP Agreement “additional annual expenditure provided for general practice was increased by €211.6 million” and €30 million was provided under the 2023 GP Agreement “to support additional capacity”.
They also detailed how the recent GP Agreement in 2023 “increased the available subsidies for practice staff and introduced new subsidies for additional staff capacity and for the taking of maternity leave”.
‘Universal GP care – that’s laughable’
GP practices across the country are often closed to new patients, according to our readers, who told us they either opted to travel to see their doctor or had to turn to the HSE for help.
Brian in Tipperary has multiple sclerosis (MS) and said he is “lucky enough” to have a GP in Nenagh but it is a forty-minute journey for an appointment.
“So I’m trying to jam everything into one consultancy and it isn’t fair on them.”
He said that politicians “talk about universal GP care – that’s laughable”.
Another “lucky” reader said her GP does see her if she’s “desperate and they have time” but her doctor of 30 years is a two-hour drive away.
“She’s not even close to my work. It’s literally a day trip. Fasting bloods are a dizzy mess.”
‘We are trying to avoid GP visits now’
Moving to a new area was a particular struggle highlighted by readers as they failed to find GPs to take them or their children on.
A reader who moved to Meath tried six local clinics but “everybody said they had no space”.
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She was “devastated” but was told by her previous doctor in Dublin to call the HSE who, if you are turned away from three surgeries and have a medical or GP visit card, can assign a local doctor to you.
“So I did and I never experienced anything like that before,” this reader said, describing a process that involved being redirected by multiple HSE personnel before eventually finding someone who could help.
I think the whole system is absolutely flawed and broken.
When, eventually, her baby was assigned a GP, she was unable to get an appointment for a number of weeks and resorted to a private doctor in Dublin.
She did see her GP when her baby was sick but had to wait over two hours in the surgery to be seen.
“We are trying to avoid GP visits now. It is looking like it is more time efficient and more reliable to go and visit a private specialist even if it’s costly.”
When Lynne in Dublin was pregnant she “searched and searched for a GP”, but all the practices were full.
She didn’t find one until she was in her third trimester and had to pay for appointments, even for vaccines that are “supposed to be free” when pregnant.
Under the Maternity and Infant Care Scheme in Ireland, expectant mothers who are resident in Ireland are entitled to maternity care, even if they do not have a medical card.
After her baby was born, the practice continued to charge for care for the both of them as they did not accept the Under 8s GP visit card.
“Every GP Practice in my vicinity told me they were not accepting new patients, even for once-off vaccine appointments my baby needed. My baby was a few months old before the HSE was able to assign us a GP.”
When we asked the HSE about access to GPs, a spokesperson told us that “the HSE endeavours to accommodate patients seeking to register with their General Medical Scheme (GMS) doctor of choice”.
Currently, there are “over 2,500 GPs who hold a full GMS contract, with 700 additional GPs holding at least one public contract” such as childhood immunisation or for children under eight.
‘Handed back GP visit card’
GPs prioritising appointments for private patients above those with GP visit cards was raised by two readers.
John in Wexford said “after being treated totally differently in terms of getting appointments”, he handed back his Over 70s GP visit card.
His GP told him that “he only has a certain number of appointments to give to GP card holders each month” and if this is exceeded “he will be warned by the HSE”.
When John was told he would either have to wait weeks, go to Caredoc or his local hospital emergency department, he opted instead to become a private patient at the practice.
Now he pays, with a recent visit involving a doctor consultation and bloods costing him €70.
After having stents in recent years, a 24-blood pressure monitor was recommended at that appointment, but since it cost another €60 and he had an upcoming cardiac MRI in the Beacon, “he didn’t see the point”. He added:
Thankfully, I have health insurance.
Another reader told us about how his daughter, who has MS and a GP visit card, was treated very differently to him, “a private patient paying €60 per visit”, when booking a recent appointment.
Martin in Meath rang his GP at 11.30am one Monday and was offered an appointment that afternoon or the following morning.
It turned out his daughter had rung the same GP two hours earlier only to be told the first available appointment was a full week away.
“There is something wrong with primary medical care in this country,” he told The Journal Investigates.
This lack of service results in stress for Martin’s daughter, which he said “is a well recognised trigger for aggravating MS”.
He also said that services which were once free of charge for his daughter, such as routine bloods, are now costing her money.
Routine blood tests may be covered by medical or GP visit cards, according to Citizens Information. It advises people to make a complaint to your local HSE Health Office if incorrectly charged.
On GP visit cards, the HSE said: “Within the GMS contract, the medical practitioner accepts clinical responsibility for medical treatment of persons on their list.”
As part of this, GPs “shall ensure no discrimination or differentiation occurs between the treatment of eligible and private patients within the practice, and take reasonable steps to ensure that no such discrimination is perceived”.
The spokesperson recommended that people contact HSE Live for support.
‘I deal with the shortage of GPs every day’
Along with an ageing population in Ireland, a substantial proportion of GPs (32%) are close to retirement age, according to 2023 data from the Medical Council.
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This is also true beyond our borders, with over one third (35%) of doctors across EU countries over 55 in 2022.
A recent OECD report said this was “a growing concern in many EU countries” and that concern was reflected in many emails that arrived in our inbox last week.
Readers told us about their GPs wanting to retire but feeling they had to stay working as there would be no doctor in the area. Others said when their GP retired they were left in limbo, with no care for months.
The gap in GP care is exacerbated in rural areas. Our investigation highlighted inequalities in healthcare provision between rural and urban areas in Europe.
A GP in a rural part of Leinster told us that she is less than 10 years away from retirement and is ready to help other GPs take over but added: “This is fantasy.”
She has trained a number of students and registrars over the past few years but every single one said that it’s a “great experience but, no, they don’t want to live in a rural area”.
The nearest town to the GP practice is a 15-minute drive but Dublin is over 1.5 hours away.
My hope is that young GPs will realise that there’s life outside the Pale.
The rural GP saw many young doctors leave for Canada, Australia and the United States over the years.
Emigration is an issue highlighted to us by another doctor who contacted us after our investigation was published. He told us this not only affected GPs, but also specialists who work in hospitals.
“Doctors going abroad is a massive problem, however, this is largely portrayed as being due to pay which is so, so wrong.
“No one I know went to Australia for money; they went for the opportunity to get on training schemes and for better conditions. That’s literally it.”
The Journal Investigates found that each GP has an average of 100 extra people in their catchment area over the past decade due to a surge in population that has not been matched by an equivalent rise in doctors here.
Incentives for rural practices and attracting doctors who emigrated back home were key recommendations made by experts who spoke to our team.
The Department of Health told The Journal Investigates that the strategic review examining issues affecting general practice is giving specific consideration “to possible further mechanisms to attract more GPs to rural and underserved areas”.
When completed, the spokesperson said, “the review will set out the measures necessary to deliver a more sustainable general practice into the future”.
They also said that “specific supports are in place to support eligible practices in rural areas” and this was increased by 10% under the 2019 GP Agreement.
GP training graduates have also increased, the spokesperson said. “The annual intake to the GP training scheme was increased by approximately 80% from 2019 to 2024, with 350 new entrant training places made available from 2024.”
The DOH cited a survey from the Irish College of GPs (ICGP) and said it “indicates that those considering emigration is low” from a sample of current GP trainees and recent graduates.
The HSE said it is “actively working” in collaboration with the DOH, Irish Medical Organisation (IMO) and ICGP “on a range of measures to increase the GP Workforce” and in developing a sustainable model of general practice.
An initiative “aimed at expanding GP workforce in rural and urban disadvantaged areas” was cited by the HSE spokesperson. There are over 100 overseas doctors working for a two-year period in Irish GP practices as part of the International Medical Graduates (IMG) Programme.
This has “helped ease the pressures on GP Practices in the southwest, southeast, midlands and western seaboard”, they said.
‘Seen the same morning’
A number of readers told us about their positive experiences.
One father, Micheal, said his son was home from Dublin recently and had a bad cough and cold sweats at night. When he contacted his local GP, he got an appointment to be seen an hour later.
He was “back home at 11.15am” with a diagnosis and medicines from the pharmacy.
Another reader, Stephen, moved to Sligo from Dublin with his wife late last year. When they contacted their local GP, they were accepted as patients and given “introductory appointments within a week”.
“We both found the care to be excellent and are very grateful to the clinic and its staff for sparing us from that potential stressful part of moving home.”
The Journal Investigates
Maria Delaney is the editor of The Journal Investigates. Our investigation into the GP shortage was led by Voxeurop alongside other members of the European Data Journalism Network (EDJNET), including The Journal’s investigative unit.
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We are at the stage now where the shortage of GPs is so bad that many GP practices can no longer take on new patients because they are at maximum capacity. The result of which means that for most people now their only option is their local A & E department to see a doctor, which is why all A & E depts are at breaking point all year round.
@Chaotic State: I had an amazing doctor who left the surgery he was in because he wanted to set up a practice on Lennox st in Dublin but was refused by DCC because people might park on the road. Now he works in IT as what was the point going up against these morans in DCC
Have lived in my adopted hometown for 20 years. Never needed a doctor. Tried getting an appointment lately. No chance. Enquired to 5 surgeries. Not even accepted on a waiting list to join. Have to travel 50 miles to my original town. What a great, modern and loving society we’ve built. I feel the shame the system should. But the system does not care.
@Keth 417: And did I mention the cost? No one’s listening. We live in a purely reaction based / knee jerk state, where panic is the impetus over practical sensible planning ahead.
During Covid, not full restrictions but you couldn’t go to the gp, I badly threw my back out helping to get rid of stuff at Ballymount. I barely crawled into the car. Couldn’t go up/downstairs to the bathroom. The doctors couldn’t see me but gladly charged €75 over the phone and said my prescription would be available the next morning. I didn’t sleep and couldn’t lie down. My mam went to collect the prescription; it was for Panadol and Nuerofen. Neither require a prescription. That’s ALL I got. I was then driven to A&E because I still couldn’t move. Triage was a joke and the A&E in tallaght was a mess. So many poor elderly people who’d been sat there 18+ hours and then also these lads who clearly had nowhere else to go but took up space to charge their phones. Clearly wasting resources.
@S banter: ps. I left after waiting more than 4.5hrs into the wee hours of the morning. My elderly mam wouldn’t leave me by myself no matter how much I insisted. And sure I was in a wheelchair and couldn’t move anyways so I said that’s it, let’s go back to the house. I still couldn’t move and couldn’t go up and down stairs and the only bathroom was upstairs. It was an absolute shambles.
@S banter: GP waste of time and resources
They only able to write referrals letters cause they unable to comprehend symptoms, prescription for pain killers or panadol, controlled drugs and antidepressants,and book blood tests.
They are limited knowledge.
@sakk sa: You have limited knowledge, especially of the English language, but also of medicine, I suspect.
Learn to structure your sentences correctly if you want to make a point.
What you’ve written makes no sense. Read it back. The only thing to be extrapolated from your gibberish is that you would fail a primary school English exam.
” They are limited knowledge”. Go back to scholl you dunce and stop criticising people who are far more educated than you.
This is so sad to read, but not surprising. I’ve not been to see a GP since maybe 2021/2022. 1: because I couldn’t afford the €75 a pop, 2: often whenever I rang because I was so sick or in pain and desperate; I was told that we’ve nothing available for the next 2 weeks. It’s dreadful. I’ve been trying to change GPs because I moved years ago but can’t get anywhere to take me on because they’re full. I’m an Irish citizen born and raised and paid taxes (still am) but I got better healthcare as a student living in London in the mid 00s thanks to the NHS….oh and contraception was fracking free!!
The HSE and Slaintecare has been an enormous and expensive failure. In ten years, we have spent €192bn on the health system. Its an astronomical amout of money to spend, and yet see such little return. Its time to move to a model of fully privatised healthcare, where the Government’s sole role is to charge national insurance and negociate drug prices.
@Brian Meagher: Sorry, Sláinte Care isn’t the failure, it’s successive governments picking and choosing what to implement and what not to implement. We now have a health minister who compared hospitals to airports.
@Brian D’Arcy: @Brian D’Arcy: Hi Brian, currently we have one bureaucracy managing a second, who in turn manage a healthcare system. The cherry picking of measures to implement arises in large part because its like trying to push a cabbage through a sieve. Its profoundly inefficient and ineffective.
Slaintecare has failed because its impossible to implement with the HSE in place. It will never happen.
The alternative, then, is to continue with the second most expensive healthcare system in the world (per capita) or make changes.I think a model based on the Asia, whereby private systems are underpinned by the Government is the only approach that would be effective.
If only there was something the people of Ireland could do do change this perennial shitshow. “What’s that”, you say? Continue voting for the 2 parties who have presided over this mess for decades? Great idea!
GP CAN NOT DIAGNOSE
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS DETECTION
ALL TUMRS, CANCER SIGNALS
ALL SELF IMMUNE DISEASE
ALL BLOOD HYPERTENSION CAUSES
THEY ARE ONLY FOR PAIN KILLERS BLOOD TESTS , REFERALS LETTERS AND ANTIDEPRESSANTS AND DRUGS PRESCRIPTIONS
@sakk sa: what garbage. As someone who has recently been through cancer I can factually state that without my GP I would be dead; she picked up on a troubling cough I just could not shift.
@Darius Guppy: well in fact my GP told Me recently that is his job and reading results, that’s what specialists are for.
This is what happens when you create specialisation in any field.
People see it as someone else’s problem to solve.
5 miles over the road from my hometown, there is a walk in GP clinic , €50 a visit, €35 on a Thursday and Sunday. No medical cards accepted. The longest waiting time is around 15 mins.. there is only a crisis if you are a medical card holder
@Liam23: the overcrowding in public hospitals is mostly caused by people who can go there for free. If you check out the waiting areas you sometimes wonder why people even go there. Emergency dept in a private hospital totally different, cost a lot but you see a Doctor within a few hours as they only open from 7 to 18:00 l. Better get an appointment too first.
No-one has mentioned bad GPS.
I can go into my rural GP, and it’s empty, receptionist will still tell you two days, 3 times now,he has misdiagnosed my husband condition,or wanted to give penicillin when in fact each time he has spent 3 to 4 weeks in hospital with quiet serious outcomes. Tried changeing Doctors, but they don’t want to take new patients on..
Questions should be asked how many patients these doctors are seeing daily. I average 10 max, and their working hours are shorter. 10 to 3, four days a week is not sustainable in a modern society with a failed health care system
@Colette Byrne: we have terrible GPs in the country most of them are just only GPs. They don’t specialise in anything else. They just the money . Forget specialising and that’s why they refer you so it’s out of their hands wants to get paid
@Bren: GPs are supposed to be generalists. If they were specialised, you’d have to go to a different GP depending on your ailment, and then you’d be moaning about that too.
@Paul Gorry: Seriously, what are you waffling about? I’ve only ever voted for one party in my 58 years and it sure as hell wasn’t any government party.
@Thomas Berry: I’m with the same GP since ca 2013/14 but it’s ca 9-10km away. Always wanted to change to one more local but never came to it (lazy). If I’d call them for an appointment in the morning i would usually get one same day.
Third world services from a third world government organisation when are we going to demand that the country is run better we pay enough for disastrous services in every single department. You can imagine the country is a complete mess.
GPs Just want money thats all. 3 things wrong you may make 3 appointments and pay 70 quid each time and everytime they will send you to hospital and do very little themselves. I know vets are working on different mammels but they are gone crazy too. It’s all about the money
I’m amazed to hear these stories, it’s crazy. I went to my GP website there and can get an appointment for tomorrow morning. If I rang them up, they’d probably be able to slot me in at some point today. Waiting 2 weeks to see a GP in this day and age is unbelievable.
Thirty plus years ago GP’s cared about their patients, this was demonstrated across the entire country on a daily basis.
They not only provided their services to the communities they served during their regular hours, but also out of hours cover.
People respected the local doctor, not because their postion demanded respect, but because they had earned it from the communities in which they worked and lived.
Those doctors earned a really good income, but that wasn’t what motivated them, they literally had a vocation to care for people and felt a deep generational connection with the communities they served.
This probably sounds like a ridiculous premise to many in our modern Irish society, but regardless of that it was true.
Unfortunately while there may still be some GP’s cut from the same cloth, they are few and far between.
Today the local doctors surgery is more reminiscent of a fast food restaurant, with a few receptionists that deliver the level of customer service that you would expect from a disinterested teenager on their first week flipping burgers, exhibiting boredom, ignorance and indifference, to anyone that encounters them.
GP services have devolved into a pricelist, with the priority appearing to be to extract as much money as possible from each and every person that is unfortunate enough to cross their threshold and with healthcare itself relegated to a means to that end.
The HSE is even worse, while the frontline medical staff spend their days performing miracles in delivering patient care against the odds, the amount of people spend their days employed by the HSE attempting to demonstrate that they are awake in addition to turning up is ridiculous.
There are tens of thousands of people employed by the HSE that pass their days pretending they are doing something, walking corridors and looking busy, (you know who you are!), counting down the clock to retirement and hoping nobody notices them.
You may think that this is just incompetence or mismanagement, but it is I believe, just setting the stage to make private healthcare for those that can afford it and little or no healthcare for those that can’t, the socially accepted reality, or just how it is…
My GP is/was charging 70€ for a visit last year.i avoid going there for any minor issues.
In March last year i went to a GP in Germany, without appointment, without insurance. Paid ca 20€ for the visit and a referral to a specialist doctor which i attended same day. The examination was done 2h later and it cost me another 120 or so €. In Ireland that would be/is unheard of.
@Keth 417: Things like this are perfectly suited to AI and machine learning. We have the census information, we have PPS information, we have all the information we need to plan GP services in the places that have the most people. Same should go for schools, etc. Assign everyone a GP for their household, and when that GP is full, open another one.
Generally don’t have an issue when trying to get a doctor appointment with my family doctor. I’d ring up and usually be told there’s a 9.30 Thursday morning bare in mind this is one of the busiest GP surgeries in Wexford town arranging a blood test that’s usually a week to 10 days wait. I also attend for chronic disease management clinic as I’m diabetic. But other than twice a year thankfully I don’t darken their door. My doctors are in the process of kitting out a new premises so waiting times will come down and nurse waiting times will come down as they’ll have 4 gps on 5 days and 3 nurses on 5 days
The HSE has really screwed up GP care here in Ireland. They dictate how much GPs can charge for patients, which means many doctors simply can’t afford to stay in business or have no incentive to expand their practices. Even as patient numbers rise, the HSE’s price caps mean GPs can’t increase their fees to match the extra workload. In rural areas, GPs have fewer patients but the same overhead costs, making it unprofitable under HSE pricing. When GPs can’t adjust prices, demand stays artificially high, leading to overcrowding and delays. If price competition were allowed, people could pay more for faster access, easing the burden on GPs. The medical card scheme expansion brought in by Fine Gael and Labour made things worse by encouraging people to use free appointments for minor illnesses.
My wife is bedridden. The nearest general hospital is 100km away. She needs an operation. The only way I can get her there is by private ambulance. I’ve been quoted €1400-1500 for the return trip. Can’t afford it. Now what?
My local GP in Kildare won’t take a booking without two weeks notice your going to be sick, go to out of hours doctor is all your told last six times I’ve rang and they just hang up. Their waiting room must basically be full of majority healthy people by that stage because anyone there has had 14 days in bed recovery time waiting to see anyone!
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These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you do not allow these cookies we will not be able to monitor our performance.
Store and/or access information on a device 110 partners can use this purpose
Cookies, device or similar online identifiers (e.g. login-based identifiers, randomly assigned identifiers, network based identifiers) together with other information (e.g. browser type and information, language, screen size, supported technologies etc.) can be stored or read on your device to recognise it each time it connects to an app or to a website, for one or several of the purposes presented here.
Personalised advertising and content, advertising and content measurement, audience research and services development 142 partners can use this purpose
Use limited data to select advertising 112 partners can use this purpose
Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit the number of times an ad is presented to you).
Create profiles for personalised advertising 83 partners can use this purpose
Information about your activity on this service (such as forms you submit, content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about you (for example, information from your previous activity on this service and other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a profile about you (that might include possible interests and personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present advertising that appears more relevant based on your possible interests by this and other entities.
Use profiles to select personalised advertising 83 partners can use this purpose
Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on your advertising profiles, which can reflect your activity on this service or other websites or apps (like the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests and personal aspects.
Create profiles to personalise content 38 partners can use this purpose
Information about your activity on this service (for instance, forms you submit, non-advertising content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about you (such as your previous activity on this service or other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a profile about you (which might for example include possible interests and personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present content that appears more relevant based on your possible interests, such as by adapting the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find content that matches your interests.
Use profiles to select personalised content 34 partners can use this purpose
Content presented to you on this service can be based on your content personalisation profiles, which can reflect your activity on this or other services (for instance, the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests and personal aspects. This can for example be used to adapt the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find (non-advertising) content that matches your interests.
Measure advertising performance 133 partners can use this purpose
Information regarding which advertising is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine how well an advert has worked for you or other users and whether the goals of the advertising were reached. For instance, whether you saw an ad, whether you clicked on it, whether it led you to buy a product or visit a website, etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of advertising campaigns.
Measure content performance 59 partners can use this purpose
Information regarding which content is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine whether the (non-advertising) content e.g. reached its intended audience and matched your interests. For instance, whether you read an article, watch a video, listen to a podcast or look at a product description, how long you spent on this service and the web pages you visit etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of (non-advertising) content that is shown to you.
Understand audiences through statistics or combinations of data from different sources 74 partners can use this purpose
Reports can be generated based on the combination of data sets (like user profiles, statistics, market research, analytics data) regarding your interactions and those of other users with advertising or (non-advertising) content to identify common characteristics (for instance, to determine which target audiences are more receptive to an ad campaign or to certain contents).
Develop and improve services 83 partners can use this purpose
Information about your activity on this service, such as your interaction with ads or content, can be very helpful to improve products and services and to build new products and services based on user interactions, the type of audience, etc. This specific purpose does not include the development or improvement of user profiles and identifiers.
Use limited data to select content 37 partners can use this purpose
Content presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type, or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit the number of times a video or an article is presented to you).
Use precise geolocation data 46 partners can use this special feature
With your acceptance, your precise location (within a radius of less than 500 metres) may be used in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Actively scan device characteristics for identification 27 partners can use this special feature
With your acceptance, certain characteristics specific to your device might be requested and used to distinguish it from other devices (such as the installed fonts or plugins, the resolution of your screen) in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Ensure security, prevent and detect fraud, and fix errors 92 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
Your data can be used to monitor for and prevent unusual and possibly fraudulent activity (for example, regarding advertising, ad clicks by bots), and ensure systems and processes work properly and securely. It can also be used to correct any problems you, the publisher or the advertiser may encounter in the delivery of content and ads and in your interaction with them.
Deliver and present advertising and content 99 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
Certain information (like an IP address or device capabilities) is used to ensure the technical compatibility of the content or advertising, and to facilitate the transmission of the content or ad to your device.
Match and combine data from other data sources 72 partners can use this feature
Always Active
Information about your activity on this service may be matched and combined with other information relating to you and originating from various sources (for instance your activity on a separate online service, your use of a loyalty card in-store, or your answers to a survey), in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Link different devices 53 partners can use this feature
Always Active
In support of the purposes explained in this notice, your device might be considered as likely linked to other devices that belong to you or your household (for instance because you are logged in to the same service on both your phone and your computer, or because you may use the same Internet connection on both devices).
Identify devices based on information transmitted automatically 88 partners can use this feature
Always Active
Your device might be distinguished from other devices based on information it automatically sends when accessing the Internet (for instance, the IP address of your Internet connection or the type of browser you are using) in support of the purposes exposed in this notice.
Save and communicate privacy choices 69 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
The choices you make regarding the purposes and entities listed in this notice are saved and made available to those entities in the form of digital signals (such as a string of characters). This is necessary in order to enable both this service and those entities to respect such choices.
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