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You might recognise some Ulster Scots words from TV show Derry Girls. Channel 4

The Irish For Don’t like Ulster Scots? Catch yourself on

When seeing Ulster Scots writing, many people are surprised by how much of it appears readily intelligible to them.

THIS IS THE latest dispatch from our columnist Darach Ó Séaghdha, author of the award-winning and bestselling Motherfoclóir. Every Sunday morning, Darach will be regaling (re-Gaeling?) us with insights on what the Irish language says about Ireland, our society, our past and our present. Enjoy. 

In less than a month, a lot of us will be singing a song that only gets sung once a year.

I’ve often wondered when anyone gets the opportunity to learn the words to Auld Lang Syne, given that the time window for singing it closes moments after you realise you don’t know the second line.  

The Robert Burns song is the world’s best known work in Lowland Scots.

The version of Scots used in Ireland is known as Ulster Scots, and the Boord o’ Ulster Scotch – the body formed after the Good Friday Agreement to promote and preserve it – celebrates its twentieth birthday this year.

This past week, you may have seen a number of people online share the results of an online quiz proving that they have “a wheen o wurds”. 

The advancement or encouragement of Ulster Scots is sometimes presented as making a mockery of the Irish language movement, especially in the North.

However, this should not be the case and discussions and criticism of Ullans (as it is also sometimes known) give a new perspective on similar conversations about Irish. 

When presented with a piece of Ulster Scots writing, many people are surprised by how much of it appears readily intelligible to them. Consider this seasonal extract from the Luke’s Gospel: 

“Roon aboot thïs time tha Emperor, Caesar Augustus, gien ordèrs that a heid-coont wus tae be taen o aa tha fowk ïn iverie pairt o hïs empire.”

Some Ulster Scots terms appear like startlingly literal explanations of English terms. For example, a shambles or abattoir in Ulster Scots is a “slauchtèr hoose” and an atlas is a “map book”. One of the entries for astrology is “readin tha stars”. 

As with Irish, when Ulster Scots is presented with a new invention or idea, a choice is made: do we use an existing word or compound of existing words of ours to name the new thing, or do we replicate the loanwords spelling in the phonetic norms of our language?

The people who would mock simpeansaí (chimpanzee) and tarramhacadam (tarmac) in Irish would make the same points here, and the same defence stands. 

It’s been said that a language is just a dialect with an army, and a lot of negative opinions of Ulster Scots hinge on its informality – it’s not just that it sounds like English, but the kind of English it sounds like isn’t the sort you’d hear from a newsreader, lawyer or HR official.

But rather than being an opinion on language, maybe this is more of an opinion on power itself and how it uses formality to create the legitimacy to justify itself? 

While the debate continues – and it will – here are some Ulster Scots words which I have learned from my North Antrim in-laws. 

Boke

You might recognise this one from Derry Girls. It is the Ulster Scots word for vomit, which can also be used as a comment that something is vomit-inducing.

It is not to be confused with poke, the Ulster Scots term for an ice-cream cone.  

Wean

Another one you may have heard in Lisa McGee’s beloved sitcom, a wean is a child. It can also refer to the youngest of the family, no matter how old they now are.  

Thran

This adjective describes someone or something prickly, disagreeable and inclined to stand up for itself. 

Sinther

This means to disentangle or pull apart. Something sinthery is something (a roast chicken, perhaps, or maybe even a committee) that has fallen apart or come undone. 

Fain

This means gladly. James Orr was an Antrim poet who wrote in Ulster Scots. An extract from one of his poems Written in Winter is included on page 28 the Irish passport: 

“The hedge hauntin’ blackbird

On ae fit whyles restin’

Would fain heat the tither in

Storm-rufflet wing”

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    Mute CJ Stewart
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    Dec 8th 2019, 10:21 AM

    This annoys me, but hopefully the moderator will allow this post to explain…Ulster Scots is an accent it is not a language. It’s essentially the Scottish accent, written phonetically with a few regional words thrown in. Ulster-Scots is an attempt, in Northern Ireland especially, to emphasize political identity. I was even told once when I played Irish traditional music outside Larne, that it was Ulster Scots not Irish Trad..

    If we are to accept that Scots is a separate language, that surely means Irish people too have their own version of English? After all, if you were to write down the way Irish people speak phonetically and use local words, it would be as different to English as Scots is..

    Ulster-Scots does not have any features of a typical language. There’s almost nothing produced in the language, barely any songs, books, newspapers etc. There’s no dictionary or way to learn this language. If I went searching for somewhere to learn the language in Scotland people would probably just laugh.

    The Gaelic languages on the other hand are steeped in generations of culture and have a long heritage, captured in song, story, history and tradition. Many have argued the Ulster Scots resurgence in the north is simply an attempt to gain govt ‘grants’ and establish it as a combatant to Gaelic, it is used as a badge by many simply to express their political perspective as unionist/protestant , yet fail to speak, teach or promote it….an example of this is when the Northern Irish government offered a phone service in Ulster-Scots, but after eight years it had never been used.

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    Mute Brendan Moriarty
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    Dec 8th 2019, 10:43 AM

    @CJ Stewart: “reading tha stars” = astrology? And you (not you, CJ, the author) expect us to believe Ulster Scots is a language? Just because you write Board as Boord? And I would fain have the gentleman know that fain is all over Medieval and later English, although it’s fallen out of use. I’d fain have it back.

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    Mute CJ Stewart
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    Dec 8th 2019, 11:17 AM

    @Brendan Moriarty: Being proud of local words and regional speech is fine, but pretending it’s a separate language, especially if such pretense is for dubious reasons is not. Ulster Scots does not even offer a pale shadow to small or lessor used languages..languages like Scottish Gaelic.. More is the question, why..?? it’s resurgence and attempted classification and promotion only points to one thing in Ulster. The DUP and many unionists hate having to accept anything that is Gaelic, least alone the language..even when cornered still fight tooth and nail over every fada… be it á, é, í, ó, or ú..this is one of the main reasons for the collapse of Stormont today…..Ulster Scots is being used as a return serve, all be it feeble in it’s attempt and comical in it’s nature…

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    Mute Feardorcha Ó Maolomhnaigh
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    Dec 8th 2019, 11:18 AM

    @CJ Stewart:
    A very strange thing to get annoyed about.
    Irish people do have their own version of English, it’s known as Hiberno-English. I don’t know much about Ulster Scots, but I am fairly sure that Robbie Burns is a well known poet of the Scots language. I am sure there are many more that we are not aware of. There is a dictionary of the Scots language, a cursory search of Google would have found it for you.

    Traditional Scottish music and traditional Irish music can be quite similar. Your experience is perhaps a sign that the two cultures in Northern Ireland are a lot closer than they like to think. Or maybe you are just not a very good musician

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    Mute Feardorcha Ó Maolomhnaigh
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    Dec 8th 2019, 11:20 AM

    @CJ Stewart: By the way, the musician comment was just a joke. I am sure you are brilliant.

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    Mute The Oracle
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    Dec 8th 2019, 11:28 AM

    @Feardorcha Ó Maolomhnaigh: rubbish! Scots, before the subjugation of their land by England, spoke Gaelic. Scots is the accented manner in which lowland Scots spoke English. Gaelic, along with land clearances that amounted to ethnic cleansing, was swept away by the invasion. Scots English is a language to the extent that the Dart accent is a language.

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    Mute Brin
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    Dec 8th 2019, 11:49 AM

    @CJ Stewart: there is no universally accepted difference between a dialect and a language, but if we do the Ulster component, and the fact that a lot of the words have transferred into our dialect of English, then it had the numbers and diversity to be classified as a language that has absorbed English. The fact that it is familiar (its Germanic) shouldn’t stop it from being defined as a language, like Danish and Norwegian. The only reason this is pertinent is because unionists wanted to include it as an equivalent to NI gaeilge – both essentially extinct, and only recovered for political means rather than preservation of the language. I would welcome retention and education of both, but the Scots inclusion, and the enforcement of Scots shows how petty the demands of the ILA are.

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    Mute Angela McCarthy
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    Dec 8th 2019, 11:54 AM

    @CJ Stewart: Correct CJ. I reckon Ulster Scots is the language used by the DUP when they debate with SF at Stormont. Perhaps its lack of words is the reason why the talks ran out of road?

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    Mute CJ Stewart
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    Dec 8th 2019, 3:19 PM

    @Brin: Ulster Scots is ‘slang’ based around the English language, the same as Cockney or Dublin slang…it deserves no more recognition than that. It certainly doesn’t deserve the same respect, funding or recognition as Gaelic..Certain DUP politicians and groupings in the North are only trying to use it as a counterbalance against Gaelic and argue for parity, especially in funding…Not only do I see that as absolute nonsense, but it shows an affront and lack of respect towards Gaelic. As for teaching and education in it..sorry Brin..NO

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    Mute Gerry Cuddy
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    Dec 8th 2019, 5:23 PM

    @CJ Stewart: Absolutely spot on from someone who was born and raised there and still retains the accent though living in London for decades

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    Mute William Kelly
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    Dec 8th 2019, 9:14 PM

    @CJ Stewart: To me, it is neither Scots Gaelic, nor Ulster Gaelic, but more a pidgin English.
    Pity the would be powers in NI would not just allow the populace a dual language option, & allow a common native language to develop alongside English.
    English will always be the language of commerce & industry, so whats the big deal about language/s of cultural choice?

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    Mute Farney Expat
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    Dec 11th 2019, 9:50 AM

    @CJ Stewart: In fact, neither Ulster Scots nor the Scots language itself are “an accent”. They are based on the Northumbrian dialect which was spoken in Northern England and was distinct from the Saxon-based dialect from which modern English arose. Yes, if you go far enough back, they came from the same source, but the same is true of English and Dutch. The confusion arises because there are lots of words that do sound very similar, but it’s much like Icelandic and Danish. Those are two distinct languages, but a speaker of either, if they were willing to try could understand a fair chunk (but not everything) being said in the other language. Scots and Ulster Scots (or Lallans and Ullans) suffer from two things – firstly, most speakers also speak English, so when they switch from one to the other many people incorrectly assume it is nothing more than switching accents and throwing in a couple of regional words or phrses and secondly, the name Scots/Ulster Scots is confused with the nationality or people who are sometimes also called Scots whether they speak the language or not.

    TL:dr Scots (and Ulster Scots) branched off much, much earlier than most people think from modern English – before modern English became modern English and when “English” was more like a set of different but related dialects than a unified language.

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    Mute Fachtna Roe
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    Dec 8th 2019, 10:59 AM

    Níl teanga an Ulster Scots, ach canúint Béarla as daoine neamhliteartha.

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    Mute Gus Sheridan
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    Dec 8th 2019, 11:04 AM

    @Fachtna Roe: what?

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    Mute The Oracle
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    Dec 8th 2019, 11:20 AM

    @Gus Sheridan: We are worried here. Either
    A. You genuinely don’t recognise that the language is you own native one.
    B. You think that it is funny to mock your own native language.

    Neither of these are complimentary to you.

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    Mute Brin
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    Dec 8th 2019, 11:55 AM

    @The Oracle: to put this to bed, unless you were brought up in a Gaeltacht household or in 1840, English is your native language. Every other Irish person acquires Irish. Stop this native, sectarian nonsense. Interesting to note that the author didn’t use Ratlin or Antrim gaelige, which would have made the joke funnier.

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    Mute The Oracle
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    Dec 8th 2019, 12:27 PM

    @Brin: no thanks. Most of the Irish are victims of their history. The loss of ability to use the native language is a consequence of this past. We would prefer to continue our use of the term ‘native language’. You are free to refer to English as your native language if you please.

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    Mute Brin
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    Dec 8th 2019, 12:37 PM

    @The Oracle: I’m neither pushing my interpretation of native on either of us, just clarifying the de facto status of native languages. You made an incorrect opinion of “native” to condescend an English speaker as less Irish. Your should do a bit of research, as most academic preservers of Irish (including the Presbyterians who documentsed the dying east Ulster Irish dialect) are not what you would consider “native”.

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    Mute Leo Sharkey
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    Dec 8th 2019, 3:45 PM

    @Brin: I don’t think they have survived, people use Donegal Irish in Belfast with a very Belfast English pronounciation…

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    Mute Fachtna Roe
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    Dec 8th 2019, 7:29 PM

    @Brin: I think you should just speak for yourself, and not presume to speak for everyone else; your assertions are themselves sectarian.

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    Mute Feardorcha Ó Maolomhnaigh
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    Dec 8th 2019, 10:42 PM

    @Brin: Excellent point. Some people (on purpose in many cases) confuse the native language of their ancestors with their own native language. If you have to learn a language in school, it’s not your native language.

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    Mute Gareth Forde
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    Dec 9th 2019, 4:42 AM

    @Brin: How is our native language referenced in “Bunreacht na hÉireann”?

    Do you even know the definition of native?

    Is amadáin thú!

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    Mute Máirín Ní Ḋuḃṫaiġ ᚋᚐᚐᚔᚏᚔᚔᚅ
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    Dec 9th 2019, 2:31 PM

    @Feardorcha Ó Maolomhnaigh: so I think (and have checked in the dictionary which supports this) there’s a difference between “native language” and “mother tongue.” Mother tongue is what an individual person was raised speaking – an individual’s first language. Native language refers to the language indigenous to a particular region, although it can be used to refer to an individual person’s mother tongue as well. I think the miscommunication here is interpreting language refering to Irish as the native (or indigenous) language to Ireland the place as being intended to mean the mother tongue of an individual person. Further confusion over the term native language…. an Irish person whose mother tongue is English in Ireland could still correctly refer to Irish as their native language even if they do not speak it as they are a member of the collective body of people living in the region to which it is indigenous.

    So I think you’re both right, just using different meanings of a term with imprecise meaning.

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    Mute Joan Murray
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    Dec 9th 2019, 4:25 PM

    @Gus Sheridan: he’s calling anyone who speaks with a culchie Norn-Ireland accent uneducated ignorant F##ks.

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    Mute Joan Murray
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    Dec 9th 2019, 4:32 PM

    @Fachtna Roe: nice to be able to be snide and ignorant in two languages. The English used to distinguish between those with an “educated” Irish accent and the ignorant masses who spoke Oirish, good to see the such prejudice transcends race and language.

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    Mute Owen O'Murchú
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    Dec 10th 2019, 10:55 PM

    @Brin: do you understand the meaning of the word native?

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    Mute Fachtna Roe
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    Dec 12th 2019, 2:08 PM

    @Joan Murray: Snide and ignorant in two languages, eh? Keep going; you’re half-way there.

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    Mute MsDaisyDoll
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    Dec 8th 2019, 9:29 AM

    Love these articles. Great writing.

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    Mute Henry Porter
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    Dec 8th 2019, 12:52 PM

    @MsDaisyDoll: Ulster Scots is just nonsense. It is no more than talking in a Nordy accent. It was a way for loyalist groups to milk some money from the U.K. government. Great idea on the lads’ part. They looked at the money available for theIrish language and said we’ll have some of that. Any reasonable person would be embarrassed to be associated with it.

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    Mute Gerry Ryan deG
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    Dec 8th 2019, 2:23 PM

    @Henry Porter: it’s embarrassing for most observers but in NI embarrassment doesn’t enter the equation

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    Mute jamesdecay
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    Dec 8th 2019, 9:10 AM

    Interesting piece. I’d say our biggest problem in terms of comprehension might be overcoming prejudice before we even begin to debate the whole ‘language versus dialect’ argument.

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    Mute Brin
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    Dec 8th 2019, 12:30 PM

    @jamesdecay: agreed, its all about English speaking people being forced to learn what they consider their ethnic language, when neither is correct. Whether it’s Arlene speaking Scots, or Gerry making a balls of Gaelige, you can tell it’s sect politics, not supporting culture.

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    Mute Thomas Harrington
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    Dec 8th 2019, 11:57 AM

    It’s not a language now if you’ll excuse me I have to go clean my windees

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    Mute Seán Ó Briain
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    Dec 8th 2019, 12:43 PM

    To me the small movement for Ulster Scots seems to be a reactionary one to the Irish language movement. Up north the Irish language movement seems authentic and organic. I remember a few years ago a helpline for Ulster Scots up north didn’t receive a single phonecall when in operation.

    Irish has gaelscoileanna, language centres like Cultúrlann and lots of other groups involved in it. If it didn’t exist, loyalists wouldn’t care about Ulster Scots. That’s the truth of it.

    That said a few misconceptions. Scots (which Ulster Scots is derived from) doesn’t come from modern English. It comes from middle English as does the modern English language. They are both two implements of it.

    There is a tricky line in linguistics between what constitutes a language and what constitutes a dialect. Scots isn’t just English with a Scottish accent. It is more nuanced than that.

    Just like Scottish Gaelic is very close to the Irish language, it is not Irish or a dialect of Irish. It’s a different language with shared roots from old Irish. A similar comparison can be made for Scots and English.

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    Mute The Oracle
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    Dec 8th 2019, 11:08 AM

    What nonsense is this? Sure we will need to be accommodating to the unionist if we do achieve a United Ireland. However, their accent is not a language. This rubbish began when they threw the toys out of the pram over Irish becoming an official language.

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    Mute DaMoons
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    Dec 8th 2019, 10:22 AM

    This is a classic

    Nolan show caller trying to speak Ulster Scots
    https://t.co/lFXnclWN4a

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    Mute Fachtna Roe
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    Dec 8th 2019, 6:49 PM

    @DaMoons: That caller sums it up, really: some idiot that can’t bear the thought that he’s not possessed of whatever kind of “special” is being discussed today.

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    Mute Sean
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    Dec 8th 2019, 8:57 PM

    @DaMoons: hilarious

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    Mute Gerry Ryan
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    Dec 8th 2019, 8:49 AM

    As a language its a foolish notion that badly needs the giftie.

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    Mute Keith Mac Suibhne
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    Dec 8th 2019, 2:21 PM

    Looks like badly spelled English to me. Not a real language.

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    Mute Leo Sharkey
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    Dec 8th 2019, 3:38 PM

    Sectarianism in Northern Ireland is a poison, and Ulster Scots has only been raised to counter and undermine those who seek to promote Irish. I grew up with both Irish and ulster scots in my family in Donegal, but cross the border and what is normal becomes a battleground. I appreciat that Darach is approaching this from a rather academic point of view, but unfortunately Ulster Scots is now the language of the anti-Irish sectarian elements in Northern Ireland…

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    Mute Ray de Róiste
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    Dec 8th 2019, 11:39 AM

    I scored a 21/30 in their weird online test , and apparently I can myself to have a “Wheen O Wurds” (cúpla focal).

    I feel dumber for having taken it

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    Mute Leo Sharkey
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    Dec 9th 2019, 11:34 PM

    @Ray de Róiste: Oh God, I just did the online test and got 29/30, help, call a doctor!

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    Mute Matt Rogers
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    Dec 8th 2019, 4:54 PM

    This Ulster Scots lark is just the DUP spitting the dummy and throwing a tantrum because Gaelic was to be recognised as an official language in the North of Ireland.

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    Mute Paul Cahoon
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    Dec 8th 2019, 9:18 PM

    Not a language, it’s a dialect. For gods sake stop trying to make it a language when it never was.

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    Mute Frederick Parkinson
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    Dec 8th 2019, 5:56 PM

    ulster scots has its origins in english which is german and had very little latin influence which makes it very different from modern english

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    Mute Laura Mulholland Weatherwax
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    Dec 8th 2019, 11:47 AM

    As a Scottish person its easy for me to read the excerpt as It is written with Scottish slang words sayings. My family moved to Scotland from Ulster as in the province so should I call myself Ulster Scots.!

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    Mute Mona Murphy
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    Dec 8th 2019, 12:52 PM

    @Laura Mulholland Weatherwax: its not ulster its six counties of ulster

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    Mute Laura Mulholland Weatherwax
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    Dec 8th 2019, 1:57 PM

    @Mona Murphy: I said province as in 6 provinces my great grandparents were from Derry and Donegal

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    Mute Laura Mulholland Weatherwax
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    Dec 8th 2019, 2:00 PM

    At Mona sorry my mistake I meant 4 provinces as in Ulster Leinster Muster and Connaught

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    Mute Leo Sharkey
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    Dec 8th 2019, 3:41 PM

    @Laura Mulholland Weatherwax: No that is wrong too, sorry. Northern Ireland is a region, it consists of six counties of Ulster, which is one of four provinces on the island of Ireland.

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    Mute Owen O'Murchú
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    Dec 10th 2019, 11:15 PM

    @Mona Murphy: read before commenting she clearly says the province of Ulster

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    Mute WreckDefier
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    Dec 8th 2019, 4:32 PM

    Cunning Lingos or an accent waiting to happen?

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