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Tooth whitening contrast pic via Shutterstock

Fancy getting your teeth whitened? You need to know this

Beware of gum burns – and why lasers are not really the answer to getting your gnashers glowing.

THE IRISH DENTAL Association (IDA) has warned consumers to be aware of the safe levels of chemicals permitted in tooth-whitening procedures.

It came to the attention of the IDA earlier this year that a small number of businesses were offering to whiten clients’ teeth without being able to reveal the content of the gels being used on the teeth.

A new European Council Directive has banned the sale and use of products that contain more than 6 per cent of the whitening chemical hydrogen peroxide. Only dentists are allowed to administer products containing between over 0.1 per cent and 6 per cent of the chemical to a client and after that initial test application, can only be gotten through a dentist’s prescription for home application.

Non-dental clinics and off-the-shelf products are only permitted to use products containing 0.1 per cent or less of hydrogen peroxide.

Chairperson of the IDA, Tom Feeney, told TheJournal.ie that a dentist is also advised to carry out an oral examination on a patient before agreeing to carry out tooth whitening. He said:

A non dentist carrying out tooth whitening cannot determine if the mouth is disease-free and putting a chemical into the mouth in such conditions cannot be deemed safe. Furthermore, non-dentists can only use alternative whitening agents that have no long-term research behind them and the risk from them is unknown.

This research from the IDA is worth a read but if you prefer, the IDA compiled these ten things you really should know about tooth whitening for TheJournal.ie:

  1. Tooth whitening has been carried out in dental surgeries since 1848. This involves putting a chemical (Hydrogen Peroxide) onto the teeth which has the effect of making them appear whiter.
  2. Tooth whitening went out of favour during wartime and the Great Depression but came back into favour with increasing affluence in the US in the 1950s.
  3. Research shows that hydrogen peroxide at 3.6 per cent gives the best combination of whitening with the least amount of sensitivity (the teeth feeling like ice is being applied to them)
  4. The new EU Directive regulating the use of hydrogen peroxide in tooth whitening became effective on 31 October 2012.
  5. Only dentists can carry out tooth whitening using over 0.1 per cent hydrogen peroxide.
  6. The new limit for the concentration of hydrogen peroxide that can be applied to the teeth (and only by dentists) is 6 per cent.
  7. Tooth whitening can not be carried out on under 18s or in pregnancy.
  8. Tooth whitening is not recommended in heavy smokers or heavy drinkers.
  9. The use of lights (sometimes called lasers) has little effect and only serves to dehydrate teeth so that the whitening effect is temporary.
  10. The use of bleaching trays worn at night for 2 weeks using 10 per cent carbamide peroxide (this releases 3.6 per cent hydrogen peroxide) is the gold standard treatment and is backed by many years of research.

PS: If teeth are treated with hydrogen peroxide of a strength higher than 6 per cent, this kind of gum burn can be the result (pics supplied by UK tooth whitening expert Dr Linda Greenwall):

Gum disease sufferers at risk of diabetes and heart disease>

The 12 bad kissers we’ve all experienced>

These children REALLY want to summon the tooth fairy>

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    Mute Paul Madigan
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    May 6th 2013, 6:36 PM

    Simon cowells mouth must be like Chernobyl

    311
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    Mute Master Mc Man
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    May 6th 2013, 6:52 PM

    He looks like he swallowed a torch

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    Mute Keith Wizzy
    Favourite Keith Wizzy
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    May 6th 2013, 7:24 PM

    This association has a vested interest in keeping a monopolisation of the industry due to the massive profits. Just compare their prices internationally ;)

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    Mute Cathal O'Donoghue
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    May 6th 2013, 8:54 PM

    Get your facts right Keith. The new regs are from the eu not the Irish dental association and they are intended to give people some protection from the sort of horrors you see on this article. And by the way, who should bleach teeth, if not qualified dentists like myself? Your monopoly argument is a lazy quasi left wing cheap shot at a profession which has taken a hammering during the recession and has had to accept it. Our patients have suffered even worse privations because of cutbacks. Kindly keep your ill informed rants to yourself.

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    Mute Ian Walsh
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    May 6th 2013, 9:55 PM

    While I dont agree with all of what Keith says, I disagree with what you say. The dental industry lobbies the EU commission etc to legislate. The reason the dental industry has suffered is because they are still charging celtic tiger prices. Until they cop on they will continue to suffer.

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    Mute Cathal O'Donoghue
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    May 6th 2013, 10:18 PM

    Inaccurate I’m afraid. Dental fees have dropped or remained static for several years. Suspension of prsi and rationalisation of med card schemes have caused a significant drop in revenue for practices while costs have not changed. I’m not asking anyone to feel sorry for dentists, after all most of us still have our jobs but I’m not prepared to allow the profession to become an easy target for criticism. We are not recession proof.

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    Mute Paul Brophy
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    May 6th 2013, 11:48 PM

    Well said Cathal.

    26
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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 7th 2013, 3:10 PM

    I want to see more dentists that help people keep their teeth through preventative dentistry.
    I want to see oral hygiene taught in schools.
    I want to see ways in which patients are made aware if and when they actually need dental treatment.
    Teeth are very important living physical parts of a persons body.
    How do you really know when your tooth needs to be drilled and filled??
    Are you supposed to take the dentists word for it??

    A separate practitioner should be available to patients, to evaluate their teeth/oral hygiene.
    So that they are well informed about the state of their dental health, before they even consider approaching a dentist and his sharp implements.

    12
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    Mute Paul Brophy
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    May 7th 2013, 4:40 PM

    Fluoride and floss! Teeth for life!

    4
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    Mute Paul Brophy
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    May 7th 2013, 5:29 PM

    A separate practitioner?! There is nobody more qualified than a dentist to assess your oral health. You are entitled to go to a few dentists though for more opinions, something which I think is a good idea!

    6
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    Mute Michelle Philpot
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    May 6th 2013, 7:21 PM

    Crest whitening stripes…. That’s all.

    153
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    Mute Seany Mc Donagh
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    May 6th 2013, 6:33 PM

    I’ll stick with me tobacco coloured teeth so

    139
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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 6th 2013, 10:56 PM

    Go on Journal.
    Stop skirting around the edges of dental hygiene.
    Go on, stick in an article that that reveals the deadly truth about the billions of metal fillings in peoples mouths throughout the world
    Yes the ones that contain amalgam/mercury
    Mercury, the substance thats listed as a deadly poison.
    So poisonous that the the dentists that use them have to dispose of them through special hazardous waste management companies.

    http://www.flcv.com/damsindx.html
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_poisoning

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    Mute Paul Brophy
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    May 6th 2013, 11:22 PM

    Wikipedia?? Solid evidence base. Good man. You can use Google. Back to your cage.

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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 6th 2013, 11:23 PM

    And you thought that the dentist wore the mask for your safety.

    23
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    Mute Paul Brophy
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    May 6th 2013, 11:31 PM

    Mercury in fillings is in an inactive state. There is not one single solitary piece of evidence linking amalgam fillings to any systemic conditions. Not one.

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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 7th 2013, 12:37 AM

    Wikipedia.
    Well I suppose you can check out Mercury poisoning in one of your your printed encyclopedias Paul.

    Back in your cage?
    We love your breath?
    My breath is just fine Paul thank you.
    Do you speak to your clients like that Paul?

    Terrible after all those expensive years of training you found out that some people had bad breath?
    Maybe you chose the wrong profession Paul?

    28
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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 7th 2013, 12:59 AM

    I have questioned many dentists on these matters.
    And they have confirmed to me that.
    Most dentists are pro mercury/metal fillings
    because a dentist needs a higher level of skill and time to place a white filling thus metal fillings are more profitable for the dentist and their greedy suppliers.
    also
    Because metal fillings don’t bond to the teeth (as white fillings do)
    so a (very unnecessary deep dovetailed crater has to be drilled into the tooth to place the mercury filling
    this leads to
    loose fillings
    unnecessary decay in the teeth
    cracks in teeth
    premature death of the nerve in the tooth
    leading to (avoidable) deeper wider fillings or painful and expensive root canal treatment.
    Crowns
    Extractions
    Bridges
    Implants
    And guess what?
    More profits for the greedy dentists and their suppliers who ill inform their unknowing patients/victims/cash-cows.

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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 7th 2013, 1:01 AM
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    Mute Paul Brophy
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    May 7th 2013, 1:06 AM

    I am pro patient choice. Metal fillings are usually less expensive than white fillings. I will give patients the pros and cons of both materials. Ultimately it’s their choice. Personally I much prefer composite fillings. They look better and are a chance to show my skill and get “arty”. If patients choose amalgam, that’s also fine. I’ll carve that to the best of my ability.

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    Mute Paul Brophy
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    May 7th 2013, 1:10 AM

    Amalgam fillings do not cause unnecessary decay in teeth. You must be referring to secondary decay around a filling. This is caused by plaque bacteria, sugar and time. All dentists will agree, secondary decay is much less around an amalgam filling than a composite filling. Amalgam contains zinc which is highly anti bacterial.

    29
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    Mute Paul Brophy
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    May 7th 2013, 1:18 AM

    Do you know the chemical constituents of composite?

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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 7th 2013, 1:43 AM

    When the metal filling cannot bond directly to the tooth,
    a space is left,
    a space where decay can thrive.

    Over the last 35 years I have seen many teeth that were butchered by greedy dentists.
    I have seen…..
    The Mercury fillings.
    The high speed high temperature drills (that fry the nerve in healthy teeth)
    The long waiting lists from quiet dentists, pretending to be busy.
    The greedy dentists more interested in the Drill Fill And Bill mantra than their patient’s health.
    The numerous dentists drilling perfectly healthy teeth because it was a quiet week.
    And I have even seen a “highly regarded” dentist advising a lady to have all her teeth pulled 24 years ago just before 2 of her children graduated
    thank god she did not take his advice
    and she still has her lovely teeth to this day.
    I have seen
    The pain.
    The trauma.

    People need to inform themselves about this legalized form of “For Profit” Butchery.
    Here’s some advice and books from dentists themselves.
    http://www.amazon.com/Save-Your-Teeth-David-Kennedy/dp/0913571040
    http://www.wholebodymed.com

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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 7th 2013, 1:43 AM
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    Mute Seany Mc Donagh
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    May 7th 2013, 2:00 AM

    Lads can ye please reply to a different comment than mine. Jaysus . My original comment wasn’t even funny or insightful but now I have notifications thinking it might be a good reply and it ends up being tinfoil hat people. I’ll be grinding me teeth in me sleep again . Move along to another reply button please . Haha disaster

    31
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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 7th 2013, 2:14 AM

    If you have the ability to place composite fillings with proficiency Paul and as you have said above, you actually prefer to place composite fillings,
    Would you not consider practicing as a totally mercury-free dentist?
    Advising your patients of how to avoid brutal conventional dentistry?

    You only have to run a fork over a mercury filling to know that its not good for the patient.
    Mercury is a metal
    a highly toxic metal
    metal corrodes
    metal corrodes faster in a moist environment
    metal corrodes even faster in a moist, salty environment
    a patient’s mouth is moist and (more often than not) salty.

    Mercury is one of the most poisonous substances known to man (hence the term Mercury poisoning).
    Why bother putting it in peoples mouths??
    If you could make cyanide or plutonium stable would you make fillings out of it because it was cheaper??

    Smoking was killing people a long time before it was widely accepted that it was bad for people’s health.
    This is also the case with mercury fillings.
    The game is up on mercury.
    I know you think you have to tow the party line for fear of the ensuing, malpractice lawsuits.
    But some brave dentists have told the seedy, corrupt truth about the profession
    I’m with them.

    http://www.kemi.se/Documents/Publikationer/Trycksaker/PM/PM9_05.pdf

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    Mute Franky Harte
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    May 7th 2013, 9:20 AM

    You don’t really come across as friendly and caring dentist do you Paul?

    9
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    Mute Paul Brophy
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    May 7th 2013, 9:47 AM

    I will go mercury free when there is evidence it causes harm. Currently there is none. There is still a place for amalgam in modern dentistry although it is being used less mainly because patients are more image conscious now. You get more mercury from a tin of tuna fish!

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    Mute Paul Brophy
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    May 7th 2013, 10:05 AM

    High speed drills? Butchery? I think you will find that the high speed was an evolutionary step in dental practice. The high speed can remove caries quicker, and less invasively. This means less time in the chair for the patient and a more comfortable experience.

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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 7th 2013, 2:29 PM

    O.K Paul
    Can you explain why dentists are not permitted to dump mercury/amalgam fillings along with standard household waste?
    Granted the high speed drill was a big step from a slower hand drill ( and a great was for a dentist to maximise his profit margins)
    However the friction and heat that many of us have frequently experienced in the dentists chair due to the high speed drill has damaged and killed manys the healthy tooth.
    Low speed/low friction drills available for many years now, that most non mercury dentists use.
    (patients should be made aware of this).

    5
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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 7th 2013, 2:30 PM

    I don’t eat tinned tuna Paul.

    4
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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 7th 2013, 2:55 PM

    A dentist needs to drill out more of the healthy tooth to place a poisonous mercury/metal filling, than when he is placing a composite filling (which bonds directly to the surface of the tooth)
    ( a fact that can be seen plainly, when white fillings are placed on front teeth)
    this is a widely known fact in the dental industry.
    Teeth (as are bones) are a living part of a persons body.
    Do you explain these facts in detail to all your patients Paul?

    3
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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 7th 2013, 3:19 PM

    What is your opinion on the effect that Metals in the body have on the nervous system.
    Do you think that these metals disturb the signals that the body relays through the nervous system Paul?
    Seen as metal is a conductor?

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    Mute Paul Brophy
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    May 7th 2013, 3:45 PM

    High speed gets through enamel. Slow speed does not get through enamel but removes infected dentine which all dentists use. How does a non metal dentist prepare a tooth for a crown? low speed drill? No! that would be hugely uncomfortable. Of course this is explained to patients. The risk of non vitality after procedures is explained. White fillings are a lot more minimal of course, something that i agree with you. Amalgams though do have a greater longevity and survive a lot longer than composite, something that in recession times, is an important consideration for some patients. Dentists have an ethical and moral obligation to explain everything to patients to enable them to make an informed consent regarding their treatment. Are you a dentist?

    3
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    Mute Paul Brophy
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    May 7th 2013, 4:08 PM

    The aim should be that preventive care advances sufficiently so that the need for fillings is diminished.

    2
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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 7th 2013, 8:22 PM

    My dentists (as I always use a couple for a 2nd opinion) use a drill the minimizes heat to a tooth.

    The metal fillings last longer but only according to the dentists that use them,
    however the teeth that are mutilated to house them do not.
    The metal filling lasts virtually forever but the poor tooth does not (mainly due to the larger than adequate crater created to house the metal filling)
    Also you did not mention that the patients teeth which chew against the metal filling are softer than the metal filling,
    thus the metal filling wears the natural teeth in the patients mouth prematurely and unnecessarily.
    The composites are softer and of more similar density to natural teeth
    thus cause less wear to the natural teeth in the patients mouth.
    I have many composites that have lasted 12 years+ and are still going strong.
    Metal seems to be far too rigid, to be cohesive with human teeth.

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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 7th 2013, 8:28 PM

    You can’t be serious when you say that Mercury is cheap in recessionary times.
    I have seen to many healthy teeth go down the
    Small Mercury Filling
    Larger Mercury Filling
    Larger Mercury Filling
    Root Canal
    Crown
    Extraction
    Bridge/Implant
    Path
    A path which costs the patient thousands of Euros.
    Without even taking into account the cost of the side effects.

    2
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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 7th 2013, 8:33 PM

    “The aim should be that preventive care advances sufficiently so that the need for fillings is diminished”

    “SHOULD” being the active word Paul.

    2
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    Mute Paul Brophy
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    May 7th 2013, 9:33 PM

    Now you’re just plain wrong. They have similar wear rates and do not damage opposing teeth. How do your mercury free dentists restore a cavity with decay below the gum line? Do you think composite will bond to a tooth in this moist environment? No. It won’t. I recommend you read some evidence based articles and channel your commendable thirst for knowledge into the correct route and not quackery in the form of websites and books from amazon that retail for $1.50.

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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 8th 2013, 12:30 AM

    The majority of cavities are above the gum line.
    The entire interior surface of the mouth is moist.
    Are you suggesting that a mercury free dentist would leave a cavity beneath the gum line untreated?
    or resort to filling it with mercury as you imply?

    Quakery?
    I’m sorry Paul but the majority of the books and research available on the hazards of mercury and conventional dentistry is produced by dentist themselves.
    Reputable,very Brave dentists who were not afraid to rock the boat.

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    Mute Paul Brophy
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    May 8th 2013, 12:54 AM

    Firstly, please cease from reporting my Facebook account and trying to temporarily disable it. Secondly, these reputable dentists, do they replace their patients’ existing amalgam fillings with white fillings for free? Or do they capitalise on this scare mongering and perhaps charge for replacing them for no reason? The latter, I suspect.

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    Mute HARRY MARKOPOLOS
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    May 8th 2013, 12:01 PM

    I do not have a Facebook account .
    Please explain why you say that?

    The non mercury dentists I have used over the years charged for their services and I have gladly paid them in full, as they done their best to avoid invasive brutal conventional treatment.

    After a youth of dreading conventional dentistry,
    its constant lust for
    drilling
    billing
    filling
    the smell of burning tooth enamel
    the misinformation
    the total lack of information
    the chewing on the cotton rolls
    the painful jabs
    the dentists bad breath
    etc
    etc
    etc
    I find a visit to a non mercury/holistic dentist these days is something to look forward to.
    Sometimes just for a bit of advice and a clean,scale and polish.

    These dentists deserve all the business they can get, especially because they have to be subject to abuse and being labelled “quacks” by the likes of you and your limited perspective.

    You say that you that “Dentists have an ethical and moral obligation to explain everything to patients to enable them to make an informed consent regarding their treatment”
    Paul
    As me being a potential customer of your dental practice,
    and I required a filling,
    please give me an example of how you would explain to me the difference between a mercury filling and a composite filling so that I may make an informed decision on my treatment.

    You might suggest some books that you might recommend to a patient seeking advice on their dental health and how to keep their teeth for a lifetime.

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    Mute Neil Griseto
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    Sep 14th 2013, 11:32 AM

    So your treatment plan for a small cavity would be to skip straight to extraction and implant? Stop spamming this comment thread with obvious nonsense. I don’t know why I can’t revisit feeding trolls here…

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    Mute Neil Griseto
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    Sep 14th 2013, 11:36 AM

    *resist

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    Mute Barbara Edwards
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    May 6th 2013, 9:46 PM

    In my opinion the only people who should be anywhere near teeth are dentists.

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    Mute Bronagh Moore
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    May 6th 2013, 6:54 PM

    Just let Darwinism take its course..if people are so stupid as to chemically burn their own mouth then maybe they are too stupid to pass that gene on and the whole world will benefit :)

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    Mute Damocles
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    May 6th 2013, 7:14 PM

    Sorry, Bronagh, you don’t understand the first thing about Darwinism.

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    Mute Master Mc Man
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    May 6th 2013, 7:50 PM

    I think she understands the basics

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    Mute Pharmyco
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    May 6th 2013, 11:03 PM

    If you try to pass on your genes with your mouth, you’re doing it wrong.

    55
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    Mute Daniel R
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    May 6th 2013, 9:22 PM

    I use hydrogen peroxide as a mouth wash ( a dash of 6% in half a glass of water). It should be cheap cause it’s only water with an extra oxygen molecule attached (H2O2) but mine cost over 2 euro from a chemist in swords for a tiny bottles. I’ll be buying online next time or making my own.

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    Mute Jane Bresnan
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    May 6th 2013, 10:36 PM

    How do you keep that off your gums?

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    Mute Pharmyco
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    May 6th 2013, 11:05 PM

    Making your own eh? Do let us know how that works out.

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    Mute John
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    May 6th 2013, 11:55 PM

    Activated Charcoal works unbelievably well . The tannines in tea and coffee are attracted naturally to the charcoal , after 4 or 5 applications your teeth are gleaming and it’s safe and dirt cheap , try it you will be surprised!

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    Mute Paul Brophy
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    May 7th 2013, 12:26 AM

    Charcoal. Is black. So the brown tannin is attracted to the black coating on your teeth and becomes white?

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    Mute Ashling Mooney
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    Sep 3rd 2013, 10:31 PM

    Historically charcoal was one substance used to clean tooth. Check out the link
    http://www.toothpasteworld.com/history.php

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    Mute Rack O'Reilly
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    May 7th 2013, 1:01 AM

    The groupon and similar discount company deals should be avoided at all costs, unless that is that you want the enamel of your teeth stripped off to nothing. There’s a reason there’s a cost to get this procedure done at a dentist etc…

    13
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