Support from readers like you keeps The Journal open.
You are visiting us because we have something you value. Independent, unbiased news that tells the truth. Advertising revenue goes some way to support our mission, but this year it has not been enough.
If you've seen value in our reporting, please contribute what you can, so we can continue to produce accurate and meaningful journalism. For everyone who needs it.
INDEPENDENT CANDIDATES HAVE overtaken Sinn Féin as the most popular choice for voters ahead of next month’s European Parliament elections, according to a new opinion poll.
The results from the latest poll by The Journal and Ireland Thinks show that almost a quarter of people (24%) plan to vote for candidates classed as ‘independents and others’ on 7 June, up from 17% last month.
The next most popular choice is Sinn Féin on 22% (down slightly from 23%).
The state of the other parties is as follows:
Fine Gael: 19% (down one percentage point)
Fianna Fáil: 16% (down one)
Green Party: 6% (no change)
Social Democrats: 5% (down one)
Aontú: 4% (down one)
Labour: 3% (no change)
Solidarity-People Before Profit: 2% (down one)
In a previous poll in the The Journal/Ireland Thinks European elections series last month, Sinn Féin was the most popular choice among voters with 23% of people saying they would back the party.
In the April poll, 15% of people said they planned to vote for independents and 2% intended to vote for ‘others’ – highlighting a large jump in support for these candidates in recent weeks.
The parties classed as ‘other’ include Independent Ireland, Rabharta, the Irish Freedom Party, Ireland First, and The Irish People.
Advertisement
In the May poll, Sinn Féin remains the most popular choice among younger voters (aged 18 to 34) at 26%, followed by independents on 19%.
Among voters who live with their parents, 27% said they would vote for Sinn Féin, followed by 21% who said they’d vote for ‘independents and others’, with much smaller percentages for other parties (for example, 14% said Fine Gael and 12% said Fianna Fáil).
Fine Gael is the most popular choice for voters aged 65 and older (30%).
Some 1,633 people took part in the poll between 2 and 7 May, and there is a margin of error of plus or minus 2.4%.
Likelihood of voting
The vast majority of people who participated in the opinion poll said they plan on voting in the European elections with 85% saying they are ‘very likely’ to vote next month.
Most people across all age groups said they intend to vote – ranging from 79% among 18 to 34-year-olds to 88% in older age brackets.
However, it’s notable that just under half of eligible voters turned up at the polls in 2019.
A total of 73 candidates declared their intentions to run in the European elections before nominations closed at the start of the month.
There are 23 candidates running in both Ireland South (where five MEPs will be elected) and Dublin (which has four seats).
Related Reads
Here's what people's housing situation tells us about how they will vote
European elections: Voters sceptical about an EU army and whether Ireland should participate
Simon Harris's leadership makes 15% of voters less likely to vote for Fine Gael - poll
Some 27 candidates are running in the Midlands North West constituency (which has five seats). Several non-party candidates are running in each constituency.
Earlier this year, a report predicted that Eurosceptic, populist parties would top the polls in at least nine EU member states.
Austria, Belgium, Czechia, France, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland and Slovakia are all expected to see anti-European candidates win seats in the European Parliament, according to the research.
Eurosceptic candidates have not garnered as much support in Ireland to date, but the outcome of next month’s elections – at both European and local level – are eagerly awaited amid growing tensions over issues such as migration and the refugee crisis.
A recent Eurobarometer report found that 83% of the Irish public are optimistic about the future of the EU – the highest ranking among the 27 member states, where the average is 61%.
The Journal/Ireland Thinks series of polls is running each month ahead of the European Parliament elections in June. It will continue to explore voter intentions, measure Irish public sentiment towards the EU on a number of issues and highlight any potential opinion gaps between different demographics of Irish society on matters important to them.
***
This work is co-funded by Journal Media and a grant programme from the European Parliament. Any opinions or conclusions expressed in this work are the author’s own. The European Parliament has no involvement in nor responsibility for the editorial content published by the project. For more information, see here.
Readers like you are keeping these stories free for everyone...
A mix of advertising and supporting contributions helps keep paywalls away from valuable information like this article.
Over 5,000 readers like you have already stepped up and support us with a monthly payment or a once-off donation.
To embed this post, copy the code below on your site
Close
70 Comments
This is YOUR comments community. Stay civil, stay constructive, stay on topic.
Please familiarise yourself with our comments policy
here
before taking part.
@Des Hanrahan: I will certainly give the Greens a high preference, because whatever one may think of Eamonn Ryan, the Green agenda is extremely important in Ireland and across Europe, and must be maintained and boosted.
Nice to see Independents and Nationalist parties at the top. We need more Carol Nolans and Mattie McGraths in the EU and Dáil who aren’t afraid of the powers that be or the far left commies.
@Finn Barr: @Finn Barr: The poll is misleading.
Or at least this report on the poll is misleading.
“The parties classed as ‘other’ include Independent Ireland, Rabharta, the Irish Freedom Party, Ireland First, and The Irish People.”
The vote is probably scattered across a large number of candidates. Our system is such that those with the lower number of votes will be eliminated first, so it is likely these will be gone early on.
@Finn Barr: Who are these far left commies that you are referring to? Ireland has never had any far left in government, while there are no communist parties in power anywhere in Europe to the best of my knowledge.
@Vincent Alexander: Yea, it’s SF that have created the crises in housing, health, education…
It’s SF that has been staggering from incompetence to negligence and back again.
It’s SF that gave us the wonders of the children’s hospital and 1/4 Trillion national debt.
@ItWasLikeThatWhenIGotHere: What’s SF solution? A border poll with the potential for civil disturbance. A drop in living standards by taking on the UK £10 billion subvention to the 6 counties. It will be a lot worse if you get from here to there.
@Vincent Alexander: FFG have had their stint and are crippling the country and instead of doing the right thing and voting FFG out of power you’re more concerned and biased about “but but Sinn Féin” based on your bias and pure conjecture. Open your eyes Vincent.
But if they put a top to corps buying up our housing stock by outbidding the ordinary guy, and turning us into a permanent rental cash cow, then that would be a start.
But tell me, why do FFG(LG) allow this sort of carry on?
@Mr Inbetween: Where is the conjecture? SF said they will have a border poll. UK government gives a £10 billion subvention to NI. It’s current taxpayers in the 26 counties that will pay that in the event of united Ireland. The housing crisis, the health crisis and pollution problems in NI are all under their watch in government.
My eyes have been open to SF rhetoric since the terrorists campaign in NI.
@ItWasLikeThatWhenIGotHere: The buying, by one entity, of more than ten houses in a large scheme was outlawed in 2023. Your point has been addressed with legislation.
@ItWasLikeThatWhenIGotHere: I didn’t agree with everything FF and FG do and I cannot see SF government as a solution. I was in a housing estate in a border county late last night and a rough estimate would be at least one in eight cars were northern. Which is legit the council house or the car.
If they keep denying their is a problem, bury their heads in the sand, and offer no realistic solutions , people will vote for a party or independents that are at least in touch with reality.
@Ciaran O’Mara: They have no answers to the problems that Ireland/the EU is facing. All they do is point out the issues and make unrealistic promises. Thankfully, the electorate is becoming wise to this.
@Ciaran O’Mara: Probably the same thing that’s happening to FF/FG, they stopped listening to the people that they were elected to represent. What they all need to do now is start listening and acknowledge people’s genuine concerns, find relistic short, medium and long-term solutions, and stop believing their own PR spin doctors nonsence that is trown out to convince the rest of us they are all doing a great job in government.
@Ciaran O’Mara: FF used to win elections on their own or with a couple of Independents but since the 1980′s they have steadily declined and have gone from top dogs and dropped to third biggest party in the state. Unthinkable 30 years ago but its happened, all crooks eventually get their comeuppance.
@Sheila McNulty: Well, shur’ now if they are all the same we might as well take the opportunity to rid ourselves of those who brought us to the verge or ruin, who gave us the wonders of the children’s hospital at whatver number of billions it will eventually cost, who graced us with crises in housing, healtchcare and education, who bequeathed us that magnificent near 1/4 Trillion national debt.
All while handing the assets of the nation over to foreign interests, so that we will be forever only tenants in our own land.
Not surprised really, with all the recent fiasco’s. All the parties will lose votes to independents etc. Only in Ireland would you give someone a tent and then threaten that it’s illegal to use it and come up with more sound bites, the latest being ” Team Ireland”
@Nigel Hayden: Don’t forget the ‘Be on call for Ireland’ soundbite initiative in 2020, when 74,000 healthcare professionals (including a lot who had emigrated) were willing to come home to help the HSE at the Governments invitation.
Only a couple hundred were eventually recruited and treated like dirt.
We need an enormous protest vote in the upcoming local and European elections in order to put a clear message across to the main political parties,they are not listening to the fast majority of the population,we the electrite do not want what you are selling.
We were misinformed/lied to on both referendums however over 70% of the electric seen through this and voted NO and NO.
The electrite are now becoming mostly wise to government misinformation & propaganda.
Independent is by definition to be hire to the highest bidder. You cannot trust them.
1. They have no guidelines but their own
2. They can change their orientation at any time
3. They are often funded by the wealthy.
4. They will ally if their interest is satisfied.
“Independent” in Ireland means Independent Fianna Fail or Independent Fine Gael.
They’ve been in power since 1923 and they’re not going to allow “Independents” to have a voice
Could a better range of colours not have been used to illustrate the graphs, why pick different shades of blue and green when red, brown, orange, pink, yellow etc. are available.
Expert warns Sweden on ‘brink of civil war’ as country gripped by migrant violence
EXCLUSIVE: Spiralling gun crime, marauding migrant gangs and fascist violence – how Sweden became Europe’s crime capital.
By MAX PARRY, News Reporter
Sweden is bordering on “civil war” as the country has become gripped by migrant violence, according to a leading expert.
Göran Adamson, a Senior Lecturer in Sociology at Uppsala University, told Express.co.uk that his country was becoming a “capital of violence” – partly due to a wave of suspected criminals moving there.
According to official figures from the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (Brå), the number of fatalities a year per million from gun violence is more than double the European average.
In 2017, there were 281 shootings in Sweden and by 2022 that number had grown to 391, 62 of which were fatal. According to the Office for National Statistics, in the UK there were 28 people killed by shooting in the year ending March 2022.
That means the Swedish rate of death by shooting was more than twice that of the UK, despite Sweden having a population less than a sixth the size.
Most startlingly, in 2022 the gun murder rate in Stockholm was around 30 times that of London, despite having a population of less than a million.
Multiple cars were torched in riots across Sweden in 2022 (Image: Getty)
Aftermath Of Gang-Related Bomb Blast In Sweden’s Capital
The aftermath of a gang-related bomb exploding in a residential area of the Swedish capital (Image: Getty)
SWEDEN-POLITICS-PROTEST
Protesters rioting in Malmo during the April 2022 wave of violence (Image: Getty)
Speaking to Express.co.uk from Berlin, Mr Adamson said that the main pockets of the violence in the Swedish capital aren’t found in the centre of the city, but in residential neighbourhoods.
“It’s terrifying. You can barely believe it,” he said. “That has mainly to do with the suburbs of Stockholm because some of these suburbs are extremely violent and so forth. So things are getting worse.”
A research paper he published in 2020 shows a link between the sharp uptick in crime and the marked increase in immigration into the country.
He found that in 2017, 58 percent of those “suspected of crime on reasonable grounds” had migrated to Sweden. However for murder, attempted murder and manslaughter the figures swelled to 73 percent. The corresponding data for robbery was 70 percent.
The 60-year-old explained: “Even though most migrants are law-abiding people… still the likelihood of a migrant – especially from the Middle East or Africa, especially below 50 years of age – committing a crime is much, much higher than for a Swedish person. These are just the facts.”
Quick to point out he was not a “populist” the academic, who has a PhD from the London School of Economics, noted: “This material is not political in the least and it’s just based on statistics.”
Enter your email address here
SUBSCRIBE
We use your sign-up to provide content in ways you’ve consented to and to improve our understanding of you. This may include adverts from us and 3rd parties based on our understanding. You can unsubscribe at any time. Read our Privacy Policy
Don’t miss…
Sweden turning into ‘gangland paradise’ after ‘six people shot dead’ in a week [WORLD]
EU dealt political earthquake as member states move to right-wing parties [WORLD]
EU member state in total chaos with gang wars and bombs exploding on streets [WORLD]
TOPSHOT-SWEDEN-POLITICS-RELIGION-RIOTS
Two men tend to a fire started during rioting in April 2022 (Image: Getty)
TRENDING
Iran ‘embarrassed’ as ‘Ayatollah’s son to step in’ following chopper crash
Iran ‘embarrassed’ as ‘Ayatollah’s son to step in’ following chopper crash
Harry ‘has made his bed’ as ‘drama’ sparks Charles’ decision – source
Harry ‘has made his bed’ as ‘drama’ sparks Charles’ decision – source
UK fires warning to Putin’s two major allies as Russia looks for breakthrough
UK fires warning to Putin’s two major allies as Russia looks for breakthrough
Indeed, his findings are supported by a study by Brå. According to the official statistics, between 2015 and 2018, the percentage of native Swedes born to Swedish parents suspected of committing crime was 3.2 percent. However, that figure rose to eight percent for people born abroad, and climbed to more than 10 percent for people born in Sweden to two foreign parents.
Mr Adamson’s claim regarding the overrepresentation of migrants from the Middle East and Africa was backed up by the Brå too, which found: “The proportions suspected of offences are greatest among those born in the regions: West Asia, Central Asia, and different regions in Africa.”
Against this backdrop of migrant-driven violence, the Right in Sweden is on the march. After their meteoric rise and ascension into mainstream politics, the Sweden Democrats, some of whom’s founders were active neo-nazis, became the country’s second-largest party and is in a confidence and supply arrangement with the governing moderate coalition.
The party’s electoral support appears to be consistent and established. It is polling just shy of 19 percent of the vote, only a point less than it won in 2022, two years out from the next General Election.
However, despite Sweden Democrats’ expulsion of their far-right and fascist founder members in 2005, other actors in Swedish politics are becoming increasingly willing to employ the sort of violence synonymous with the fascist parties of mid-twentieth century Europe.
In April this year, masked attackers stormed an event being held by Sweden’s Left Party. The party held the event in Stockholm to discuss the rampant surge of the far-Right when a group of people burst into the room and laid waste to those inside.
Three people were taken to hospital following the incident, which saw the Left-wing activists defend themselves with smoke bombs and spray.
SWEDEN-POLITICS-VOTE
Jimmie Åkesson, Sweden Democrats leader, has made the party the second-largest in the country (Image: Getty)
This incident is far from isolated. Research from the European Union published in 2019 found “Sweden has the highest number of extreme-right murders per capita, followed by Germany, mainly targeting immigrants, left-wing activists and the homeless”.
In 2022 there were several days of rioting in Stockholm, Malmö, Linköping and Norrköping after far-Right group Stram Kurs planned and held Qu’ran burning demonstrations across the country.
Mr Adamson, troubled by the direction of travel he sees in his native country, with spiralling violence and deepening social cleavages, reflected that the cliched image of “Sweden as a happy paradise” is “waning”.
“People don’t even pick it up as an introductory remark in a conversation or in an article, which is interesting in itself isn’t it,” he said.
“The right-wingers have responded and the general population has responded by running rightwards.”
DON’T MISS
POWERED BY
COMMENTS
Vladimir Putin has ‘army of sleeper agents in UK ready to strike with Novichok attacks’
COMMENTS
Who was Ebrahim Raisi? How fearsome Iranian president earned ‘Butcher of Tehran’ nickname
COMMENTS
End this madness – why can’t we get stats on crimes comitted by migrants?
COMMENTS
Rishi Sunak must end the liberal migration ‘betrayal’ of British people, say ex-ministers
COMMENTS
UK issued chilling Falklands warning as Putin and Xi risk intensifies – ‘remain vigilant’
COMMENTS
Vladimir Putin has ‘army of sleeper agents in UK ready to strike with Novichok attacks’
COMMENTS
Who was Ebrahim Raisi? How fearsome Iranian president earned ‘Butcher of Tehran’ nickname
COMMENTS
End this madness – why can’t we get stats on crimes comitted by migrants?
COMMENTS
Rishi Sunak must end the liberal migration ‘betrayal’ of British people, say ex-ministers
COMMENTS
UK issued chilling Falklands warning as Putin and Xi risk intensifies – ‘remain vigilant’
COMMENTS
Blaming unmanaged migration over a prolonged period, Mr Adamson lambasted the politicians that oversaw that policy as having “betrayed their own heritage”.
He added: “Certainly Sweden’s problem is that we have been dominated by an almost-religious idealisation of things that the elites in our country know very little about, namely foreign cultures.
“This is here, it is real and [yet] we want to think about happy things. We want to think about the Eurovision song contest – which also these days is not a happy thing, by the way.”
Monaghan show smarts to close out Division 2 final
The 42
34 mins ago
491
0
Research
Trinity warns staff not to answer US government request for diversity and equality information
15 hrs ago
46.4k
140
Your Cookies. Your Choice.
Cookies help provide our news service while also enabling the advertising needed to fund this work.
We categorise cookies as Necessary, Performance (used to analyse the site performance) and Targeting (used to target advertising which helps us keep this service free).
We and our 161 partners store and access personal data, like browsing data or unique identifiers, on your device. Selecting Accept All enables tracking technologies to support the purposes shown under we and our partners process data to provide. If trackers are disabled, some content and ads you see may not be as relevant to you. You can resurface this menu to change your choices or withdraw consent at any time by clicking the Cookie Preferences link on the bottom of the webpage .Your choices will have effect within our Website. For more details, refer to our Privacy Policy.
We and our vendors process data for the following purposes:
Use precise geolocation data. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Store and/or access information on a device. Personalised advertising and content, advertising and content measurement, audience research and services development.
Cookies Preference Centre
We process your data to deliver content or advertisements and measure the delivery of such content or advertisements to extract insights about our website. We share this information with our partners on the basis of consent. You may exercise your right to consent, based on a specific purpose below or at a partner level in the link under each purpose. Some vendors may process your data based on their legitimate interests, which does not require your consent. You cannot object to tracking technologies placed to ensure security, prevent fraud, fix errors, or deliver and present advertising and content, and precise geolocation data and active scanning of device characteristics for identification may be used to support this purpose. This exception does not apply to targeted advertising. These choices will be signaled to our vendors participating in the Transparency and Consent Framework.
Manage Consent Preferences
Necessary Cookies
Always Active
These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work.
Targeting Cookies
These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites. They do not store directly personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising.
Functional Cookies
These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. If you do not allow these cookies then these services may not function properly.
Performance Cookies
These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you do not allow these cookies we will not be able to monitor our performance.
Store and/or access information on a device 110 partners can use this purpose
Cookies, device or similar online identifiers (e.g. login-based identifiers, randomly assigned identifiers, network based identifiers) together with other information (e.g. browser type and information, language, screen size, supported technologies etc.) can be stored or read on your device to recognise it each time it connects to an app or to a website, for one or several of the purposes presented here.
Personalised advertising and content, advertising and content measurement, audience research and services development 143 partners can use this purpose
Use limited data to select advertising 113 partners can use this purpose
Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit the number of times an ad is presented to you).
Create profiles for personalised advertising 83 partners can use this purpose
Information about your activity on this service (such as forms you submit, content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about you (for example, information from your previous activity on this service and other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a profile about you (that might include possible interests and personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present advertising that appears more relevant based on your possible interests by this and other entities.
Use profiles to select personalised advertising 83 partners can use this purpose
Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on your advertising profiles, which can reflect your activity on this service or other websites or apps (like the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests and personal aspects.
Create profiles to personalise content 39 partners can use this purpose
Information about your activity on this service (for instance, forms you submit, non-advertising content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about you (such as your previous activity on this service or other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a profile about you (which might for example include possible interests and personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present content that appears more relevant based on your possible interests, such as by adapting the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find content that matches your interests.
Use profiles to select personalised content 35 partners can use this purpose
Content presented to you on this service can be based on your content personalisation profiles, which can reflect your activity on this or other services (for instance, the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests and personal aspects. This can for example be used to adapt the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find (non-advertising) content that matches your interests.
Measure advertising performance 134 partners can use this purpose
Information regarding which advertising is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine how well an advert has worked for you or other users and whether the goals of the advertising were reached. For instance, whether you saw an ad, whether you clicked on it, whether it led you to buy a product or visit a website, etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of advertising campaigns.
Measure content performance 61 partners can use this purpose
Information regarding which content is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine whether the (non-advertising) content e.g. reached its intended audience and matched your interests. For instance, whether you read an article, watch a video, listen to a podcast or look at a product description, how long you spent on this service and the web pages you visit etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of (non-advertising) content that is shown to you.
Understand audiences through statistics or combinations of data from different sources 74 partners can use this purpose
Reports can be generated based on the combination of data sets (like user profiles, statistics, market research, analytics data) regarding your interactions and those of other users with advertising or (non-advertising) content to identify common characteristics (for instance, to determine which target audiences are more receptive to an ad campaign or to certain contents).
Develop and improve services 83 partners can use this purpose
Information about your activity on this service, such as your interaction with ads or content, can be very helpful to improve products and services and to build new products and services based on user interactions, the type of audience, etc. This specific purpose does not include the development or improvement of user profiles and identifiers.
Use limited data to select content 37 partners can use this purpose
Content presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type, or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit the number of times a video or an article is presented to you).
Use precise geolocation data 46 partners can use this special feature
With your acceptance, your precise location (within a radius of less than 500 metres) may be used in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Actively scan device characteristics for identification 27 partners can use this special feature
With your acceptance, certain characteristics specific to your device might be requested and used to distinguish it from other devices (such as the installed fonts or plugins, the resolution of your screen) in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Ensure security, prevent and detect fraud, and fix errors 92 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
Your data can be used to monitor for and prevent unusual and possibly fraudulent activity (for example, regarding advertising, ad clicks by bots), and ensure systems and processes work properly and securely. It can also be used to correct any problems you, the publisher or the advertiser may encounter in the delivery of content and ads and in your interaction with them.
Deliver and present advertising and content 99 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
Certain information (like an IP address or device capabilities) is used to ensure the technical compatibility of the content or advertising, and to facilitate the transmission of the content or ad to your device.
Match and combine data from other data sources 72 partners can use this feature
Always Active
Information about your activity on this service may be matched and combined with other information relating to you and originating from various sources (for instance your activity on a separate online service, your use of a loyalty card in-store, or your answers to a survey), in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Link different devices 53 partners can use this feature
Always Active
In support of the purposes explained in this notice, your device might be considered as likely linked to other devices that belong to you or your household (for instance because you are logged in to the same service on both your phone and your computer, or because you may use the same Internet connection on both devices).
Identify devices based on information transmitted automatically 88 partners can use this feature
Always Active
Your device might be distinguished from other devices based on information it automatically sends when accessing the Internet (for instance, the IP address of your Internet connection or the type of browser you are using) in support of the purposes exposed in this notice.
Save and communicate privacy choices 69 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
The choices you make regarding the purposes and entities listed in this notice are saved and made available to those entities in the form of digital signals (such as a string of characters). This is necessary in order to enable both this service and those entities to respect such choices.
have your say