Support from readers like you keeps The Journal open.
You are visiting us because we have something you value. Independent, unbiased news that tells the truth. Advertising revenue goes some way to support our mission, but this year it has not been enough.
If you've seen value in our reporting, please contribute what you can, so we can continue to produce accurate and meaningful journalism. For everyone who needs it.
An account is an optional way to support the work we do. Find out more.
Mark Nash pictured in 1998 after being sentenced for the murder of the young Roscommon couple. Leon Farrell/Photocall Ireland
Cold Case
Mark Nash sentenced to life for the brutal murder of two women at Grangegorman
The mutilated bodies of the two women were found in their sheltered accommodation nearly 20 years ago.
7.53pm, 20 Apr 2015
22.1k
28
CONVICTED DOUBLE MURDERER Mark Nash has been found guilty of the “cold case” murder of two women, whose mutilated bodies were found in their sheltered accommodation in Grangegorman in Dublin nearly twenty years ago.
Nash is already serving a double life sentence in Arbour Hill Prison since October 1998 for murdering two people in Ballintober, Castlerea in Roscommon and leaving a woman seriously injured in mid-August 1997.
The 42 year old, who is originally from England but has last addresses at Prussia Street and Clonliffe Road in Dublin, had pleaded not guilty at the Central Criminal Court to the murder of Sylvia Sheils (59) and Mary Callanan (61) between March 6 and March 7, 1997.
However, a Central Criminal Court jury today found him guilty of the charges by unanimous verdict after deliberating for just over four hours.
Mr Justice Carroll Moran thanked the eleven members of the jury for giving a considerable proportion of their life to the trial and told them they would never have to serve on a jury again.
Mr Hugh Hartnett SC acting for the accused asked the judge for the sentence to be backdated as there was a delay on the part of the State in bringing the prosecution in 1999 and it was appropriate for there to be some back dating.
Mr Justice Carroll Moran denied this and sentenced Nash to a life sentence for the double murder from today.
The judge then offered his condolences to the family of Ms Sheils who he said have all have suffered.
“Nothing I say that can change it and I’d like to pass on those condolences on behalf of anyone else in the courtroom who has been affected as well,” said Mr Justice Moran.
The trial
From the outset the trial was set to last six to eight weeks but instead it continued for more than nine weeks during which the jury heard evidence from 71 witnesses including gardai attached to the Bridewell Garda Station in Dublin, Mill Street Garda Station in Galway, the National Bureau of Criminal Investigations (NCBI) at Harcourt Square, Mountjoy Prison and Forensic Science Ireland (FSI).
Mark Nash had been formally charged with the offences in respect of the double murder at Grangegorman in October 2009.
It happened after ”a spectacular breakthrough” led to the DNA of the two deceased women being found on a black pin-striped velvet jacket belonging to Nash as part of the cold case review.
Mr Brendan Grehan SC and Ms Una Ni Raifeartaigh SC acted for the State and called 71 witnesses over the ten weeks as well as having 39 exhibits.
It is understood there were over 260 persons of interest in the investigation, over 1,800 statements were taken at the time as well as 1,700 lines of enquiry.
Mr Justice Carroll Moran told the eleven jury members that the prosecution’s case was based on three things; the admissions made by the accused; the print of the caterpillar boot found in bedroom number one of Orchard View at Grangegorman; and finally the scientific evidence and DNA.
It was the prosecution’s case that there was 13 confessions made by Mark Nash to the Grangegorman murders and all were consistent from beginning to end.
Victim impact report
The niece of Ms Sheils, Suzanne Nolan today delivered a victim impact report which was prepared by her mother, Stella Nolan, who was a sister of the deceased.
In it Stella Nolan recollected how it was Friday March 7 1997 when she heard the news that her sister, Sylvia Sheils, had been murdered while she slept in her bed.
Stella Nolan had been present in court throughout the trial and also knew the other victim, Ms Callanan well.
“For 18 years, justice has been delayed and justice delayed is justice denied. Not only for me, but for my family. Murder does not affect one person only – it affects the whole family. The grief and loss is felt by parents, grandparents, grandchildren, fathers, mothers, sisters, brothers, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews, in-laws, cousins, friends and acquaintances. It never goes away,” read Suzanne Nolan.
“Death – as hard and all as it is inevitably to deal with – is a natural event’ murder is not. It is the illegal unlawful taking of the life of another. It is the most fundamental crime in my view,” she continued.
Suzanne Nolan read how it has been incredibly difficult and painful for her mother and for all their family to deal with the consequences of Sylvia’s life at the age of 59 years being taken the way it was and equally difficult to live through the past 18 years waiting for justice – through judicial reviews, appeals and review processes; waiting to see the perpetrator of the crime held accountable.
In Stella’s words, Suzanne Nolan told the court how these murders had affected the lives of three families – Mary’s and Sylvia’s – but also the family of Dean Lyons, an innocent man imprisoned for 9 months for their deaths.
The late Dean Lyons was the first person who made an independent admission to the murder of Sylvia Sheils and Mary Callanan and he was charged with the murder of Mary Callanan in Grangegorman on July 27 1997. In April 1998, the charge was withdrawn from Dean Lyons.
Described as a peace-loving, gentle and sincere person, the court heard Sylvia Sheils was never violent and lived a quiet life.
She had been a civil servant for 20 years and worked in the Valuation Office as a draughtsman and took early retirement.
Sylvia Sheils was educated in Loreto Abbey Dalkey and Loreto Convent Kilkenny. Described as well read and loved music, she played chess and was well informed of politics and every day affairs.
“Her life was as valuable to her as each person’s is to them. I often talk about her to my grandchildren. But they will never know her, although some of them are very like her. This is such a sad loss, as it is also a constant reminder of what happened to her. Nothing can ever change that. So for me there is no joy, only sadness and loss,” read Suzanne Nolan.
“She was my only sister, my younger sister. For me, it’s taken all my reserves of strength to attend this trial. I was 63 when the murders were committed. I’m now 81. The impact on my life of the most horrific and savage murders is massive and it continues to affect me and my health. It also affects all of my children and my family as they try to support me.”
“Sylvia and Mary’s lives were taken from them while they slept in their beds. They had mental health issues and were very vulnerable women. They were completely innocent. They played no part in what happened to them. They had a human right for their lives not to be taken from them. Nothing or no one can undo what has been done. I can forgive the sinner, not the sin – it can never be forgotten,” concluded Ms Nolan.
Injuries
Retired State Pathologist John Harbison reported in 1997 that the serious genital injuries to the two women found dead in the sheltered accommodation 18 years ago was “outside” his experience in 26 years.
Detective Garda Eugene Gilligan, since retired, who was attached to the Garda Technical Bureau at the time and was one of the first witnesses in this trial told the court he arrived at Orchard View on the morning of March 7 1997 and he first identified the body of Mary Callanan who was found in her bedroom wearing a blue floral nightdress which had been gathered around her upper chest with just a slipper on her right foot.
The court heard two electric carving knife blades were found in her bedroom, one beside her neck and another on the floor. A third kitchen fork which featured a red handle, was also found protruding from her vagina which was extremely difficult to remove.
“It had been pushed up into her vagina with an amount of force and embedded in the bone. It was a two pronged fork and one of the prongs jammed within the bone,” said Mr Gilligan who held the two pronged fork up at the time for the court to see.
Ms Callanan also had a “severe facial and knife wound through her mouth and lips, her throat been severed with 36 strokes” as well as an attempt made to amputate her left breast.
The second lady at the scene Sylvia Sheils was found wearing a bra, a black slip and the torn remains of her knickers attached to her left thigh as she lay on her back across the bed with her feet on the ground. Ms Sheils had sustained neck, head, chest, abdominal and vaginal injuries.
Mr Gilligan said two knives were found in her bedroom, a Prestige brand of a steak knife with the blade slightly bent, found amongst the bed clothes, as well as a large serrated carving knife, found under her bed, with the blade bent to around 180 degrees.
Ms Sheils had at “least 17 separate injuries afflicted to her body, some ten separate wounds to her head and neck area.”
How the confession happened
Gardai from Mill Street Garda Station in Galway gave evidence during the trial about seeing Mark Nash pushing a bicycle along Two Mile Ditch on the Tuam Road in Galway in 1997.
At the time Nash was a man wanted for the murder of Carl and Catherine Doyle and for the serious assault of Sarah Jane Doyle in Ballintober, Castlerea in Roscommon on August 16 in 1997.
After being arrested Nash was taken to Mill Street garda station where he was interviewed by former Detective Garda Anthony Reidy and former Detective Garda John O’Donnell.
Advertisement
Mr Reidy told the court how during the course of questioning about the Roscommon event, Nash said he wished to volunteer information in relation to a double murder he committed in Dublin five months earlier, while on route from a fundraising event at the GPO to Stoneybatter.
“Mr Nash said he wanted to talk to us about the Phibsborough incident. He said a few months ago he was on his way home from Dublin city centre to Stoneybatter and broke into a back window of a house and stabbed two women.”
Mr Reidy then read a few passages to the court from the memo which Nash signed that night in Mill Street Garda Station:
About three months ago I was walking home and I stabbed two women in their sleep, my mind was disturbed at the time, you have to understand that. I have had this memo read over to me and it is correct.I cannot explain my mind at time, but everything seemed to turn black, I lost control and decided to break into a house, I went in a side entrance to the back of house.
Two copies of sketches drawn by the accused on August 17 1997 while being questioned in Galway were also provided to the jury.
The first was of the inside of the house detailing the rooms at Orchard View where he said at the time he had murdered the two women and the second was a sketch of the outside of the house indicating the area where a person was hiding behind pillars across the road.
Mr Reidy told the court that on the following day Nash was taken from Mill Street Garda Station to Mountjoy Prison in Dublin where en route he pointed out the house where he murdered the two women.
Letters sent
During the trial the court were also read two letters send to Sarah Jane Doyle by the accused following her serious assault by Nash in Roscommon on August 16 1997.
The first letter was made up of a sealed envelope addressed to “Head Injuries” at Beaumont Hospital which contained three pages as well as a second envelope containing £140.
The first letter read: “I went mad. This is the second time I’ve gone this way and it lead to the same thing before, I’m insane and I don’t deserve to live, I’m so sorry to all of you and by the time this reaches you I will be dead.”
“I fucking flipped, I can’t think, I’ve gone mad and I can’t help myself, who would have thought it could have ever possibly gone this way. Sorry Sarah I shouldn’t say it but I love you, good bye Mark.”
The court also heard how Nash wrote a second letter to Ms Doyle in a cell in Mill Street garda station on August 17, 1997.
The lengthy letter running over three pages was read to the court and contained an excerpt which described Nash’s “violent tendencies” which he has “had for a long time now, episodes where I lose all self-control.”
“It happened before in or near Prussia Street but you will read all about it no doubt,” the court heard.
It continued: “I’m telling the full truth, I want it in the open” and was at the time signed by Nash.
Another confession was Nash telling the prison chaplain at Mountjoy he wanted him to contact the authorities to tell them he wanted to contact the gardai about the Grangegorman murders.
Nash later retracted his statements blaming “media reports, teletext and radio” accounts as well as “prompting” questions asked by the gardai in Galway for his knowledge of the 1997 double murder.
The black velvet jacket
In his opening speech to the trial on January 22 2015 Mr Grehan told the court that apart from Nash “admitting” he had carried out the murders, there was “in addition completely independent, objective and scientific evidence by way of DNA analysis which the prosecution say, can only be rationally explained by pointing to Mark Nash for these murders.”
In 2009 “a spectacular breakthrough” led to the DNA of the two deceased women being found on a black pin-striped velvet jacket belonging to Nash as part of a cold case review.
The jacket did not originate at the crime scene but five months after the killings in Grangegorman, Chief Supt Dominic Hayes who held the rank of Detective Sergeant at the time and was attached to the National Bureau of Criminal Investigation (NBCI) at Harcourt Square in 1997, told the jury he went to Nash’s flat on Clonliffe Road to obtain the jacket.
While there gardai also seized one pair of black caterpillar boots, another pair of boots and a suit.
The court heard evidence that the jacket was worn by the accused on the night of March 6 1997 when he was attending a charity quiz at the GPO on O’Connell Street, a fact that has never been retracted by Nash.
Dr Linda Williams from FSI told the court she got a profile match from the threads of the jacket which matched Ms Sheils’ DNA profile.
Dr Williams also told the court how a DNA profile obtained from a “particle” found inside the seam of the right sleeve of the black velvet jacket also matched the deceased Mary Callanan.
Mr Grehan said the most obvious explanation of why DNA of both women were found close together on the jacket was because the person that carried out the murder was the person that was wearing the jacket.
“The jacket identified by Mark Nash found DNA profiles of both deceased ladies. These matters are powerful corroborating evidence of Mark Nash’s guilt,” said Mr Grehan in his closing speech.
Bloodied footprint
The jury heard from the prosecution that the only significant item recovered by Superintendent Gilligan was a footprint in lino from the front room of Orchard View in Grangegorman and that footprint was in blood.
“In the aftermath of the terrible murders, one of the sole pieces of evidence which could link Mark Nash to the scene was the footprint of a caterpillar boot and Mark Nash owns a pair of caterpillar boots,” said Mr Grehan.
The “plank in the prosecution’s case”, Mr Grehan said was “no mere coincidence” that Nash owned a pair of caterpillar type 9 boots.
Delay in trial proceedings
Today in court after the verdict, questions were put by Mr Grehan to Assistant Commissioner Derek Byrne who was appointed to investigate the case in 1997 to get to the bottom of how these independent admissions could be made and to get to the truth.
The court heard that on October 10 2009 Nash was formally charged with the offences in respect of the double murder at Grangegorman.
Mr Grehan told the court Nash was sent forward for trial in the Central Criminal Court and it was fixed for the following year but Nash called judicial reviews proceedings to have the trial halted before the High Court due to prejudicial pre trial publicity.
Nash then appealed to the Supreme Court and it was dealt with by them in December 2014.
The court heard from Mr Grehan that the first of the deceased women Ms Sheils would have been 60 years of age later in 1997 if she had lived and she was a single lady who in 1980 was diagnosed with schizophrenia.
In June 1994 she moved to Orchard View and was described as a bubbly and friendly person.
The second of the deceased Ms Callanan was 61 years of age at the time of her death, was single and diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia.
Ms Callanan was an only child and both her parents died in the 1960s. It was on the death of her father she suffered a nervous breakdown.
Mr Grehan told the court that Nash was born in Ballina in Co Mayo in 1973 and moved to England in 1974. He later moved to Leeds where met Lucy Porter who he had a child with in 1996.
In October 1996 Nash was arrested in England, admitted on bail and came to Ireland where he secured temporary rented accommodation in Prussia Street. Nash then began a relationship with Sarah Jane Doyle and moved to live with her in Clonliffe Road.
The court heard today he had a number of previous convictions that began in March 1990 in a juvenile court when he assaulted a female and was fined.
Other convictions over the years included driving offences and assaults
People couldn’t get enough of the evidence in the O’Dwyer trial because of the sensationalism by the media. Now they are getting the same in this case.
Is that a fact or just the media excuse for reporting the gory details,Who decides whats enough and what people want? do the victims families not have a say?
If the media sees that reporting explicit details of trials sells more papers or page clicks then they will push it as far as they can go. Victims families don’t have a say as this is evidence in open court and in this case was known for some time but not printed, In Mexico there was even a newspaper dedicated to all of the drug murders which showed up front and extremely graphic photos of murder victims.
I think there should be explicit media guidelines to regulate against the graphic reporting of such cases. I mean seriously, what do we gain from knowing this information. The poor women
As the parents of the kid who was killed by the bombing in Boston pointed out the endless appeals before a death sentence is carried out put stress on victims families for years.That and the cost of the whole thing is vastly more expensive than keeping them locked up for life.Don’t get me wrong I have no sympathy for this guy and would have no problem with him spending his days in total solitary confinement but the death penalty acts as neither deterrent or a real punishment.We all have to die someday and given the choice between death or a life in a box personally I’d chose death.
Tommy – it’d be worthwhile considering also how Dean Lyons was wrongfully arrested and jailed for these murders in the first instance! If the truth hadn’t come out in the end – it might have been a bullet in the head of the wrong man!
He should never be released, if he only does another eighteen and a half years there will be plenty of juice in a well minded 60 yr old to kill , and possibly kill someone not even born yet, no this boy should die in there.
This guy is a beast of the worst sort. His body count would have totalled 5 innocent people, but the last poor girl managed to escape him. So, now he gets 3 meals a day, TV, snooker & probably a few Open University degrees. No worrying about the bills, no mortgage, all nicely sheltered & protected. Happy days!!!
Law needs to be changed to allow for whole life sentences for anyone who kills more than once. The judiciary can’t be trusted to be consistent with sentences – so the precedents set by 1 or 2 light sentences set the norms. The sliding scale needs to be removed and simple heavy tariffs set for murder. 20 years should be the minimum for one case, no special circumstances, no mitigation. Murder is murder, God knows a lot of them end up as manslaughter with small sentences. If someone commits murder on more than one occasion that should be a whole life sentence. How hard is it? But the judges will go a dance about mandatory sentencing taking away their experience and expertise etc. That’s precisely the point – they refuse to hand down the mandatory 10 years for drug smuggling of over €15k – only a tiny handful of people have ever gotten the “mandatory” sentence for that one. Judge’s ego and hubris, that’s what gets more weight than victims families.
The eu took issue with the british for their use of whole life tariffs for the likes of peter sutcliffe and other serial killers. Maybe this is why there is no whole life sentences here. In ireland, no matter what we do, we look over our shoulders to make sure we are appeasing america, or the eu , or germany, or someone else abroad, never the irish citizens.
That is one of the most harrowing articles I have ever read..May Sylvia Shiels, Mary Callanan , Carl and Catherine Doyle rest in peace..and strength to the families who are only coming to the end of long road of investigations so many years on. That an 81 year old lady had to listen to that evidence about her sister in open court is heartbreaking, even if she knew from 17 years ago..that she was so strong as to be able to compose that statement is a testament to her character. I hope that Suzanne will have a small measure of relief knowing that the person who murdered her sister is finally convicted.
US stock index suffers biggest one-day fall since 2020 as Trump insists 'markets are going to boom'
38 mins ago
2.9k
15
Uncertain Future
The last time tariffs like this were imposed it led to the Great Depression, ministers warn
Updated
10 mins ago
12.3k
68
As it happened
Trump hits EU goods with 20% tariff and rails against foreigners 'pillaging' US
Updated
23 hrs ago
118k
216
Your Cookies. Your Choice.
Cookies help provide our news service while also enabling the advertising needed to fund this work.
We categorise cookies as Necessary, Performance (used to analyse the site performance) and Targeting (used to target advertising which helps us keep this service free).
We and our 161 partners store and access personal data, like browsing data or unique identifiers, on your device. Selecting Accept All enables tracking technologies to support the purposes shown under we and our partners process data to provide. If trackers are disabled, some content and ads you see may not be as relevant to you. You can resurface this menu to change your choices or withdraw consent at any time by clicking the Cookie Preferences link on the bottom of the webpage .Your choices will have effect within our Website. For more details, refer to our Privacy Policy.
We and our vendors process data for the following purposes:
Use precise geolocation data. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Store and/or access information on a device. Personalised advertising and content, advertising and content measurement, audience research and services development.
Cookies Preference Centre
We process your data to deliver content or advertisements and measure the delivery of such content or advertisements to extract insights about our website. We share this information with our partners on the basis of consent. You may exercise your right to consent, based on a specific purpose below or at a partner level in the link under each purpose. Some vendors may process your data based on their legitimate interests, which does not require your consent. You cannot object to tracking technologies placed to ensure security, prevent fraud, fix errors, or deliver and present advertising and content, and precise geolocation data and active scanning of device characteristics for identification may be used to support this purpose. This exception does not apply to targeted advertising. These choices will be signaled to our vendors participating in the Transparency and Consent Framework.
Manage Consent Preferences
Necessary Cookies
Always Active
These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work.
Targeting Cookies
These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites. They do not store directly personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising.
Functional Cookies
These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. If you do not allow these cookies then these services may not function properly.
Performance Cookies
These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you do not allow these cookies we will not be able to monitor our performance.
Store and/or access information on a device 110 partners can use this purpose
Cookies, device or similar online identifiers (e.g. login-based identifiers, randomly assigned identifiers, network based identifiers) together with other information (e.g. browser type and information, language, screen size, supported technologies etc.) can be stored or read on your device to recognise it each time it connects to an app or to a website, for one or several of the purposes presented here.
Personalised advertising and content, advertising and content measurement, audience research and services development 143 partners can use this purpose
Use limited data to select advertising 113 partners can use this purpose
Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit the number of times an ad is presented to you).
Create profiles for personalised advertising 83 partners can use this purpose
Information about your activity on this service (such as forms you submit, content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about you (for example, information from your previous activity on this service and other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a profile about you (that might include possible interests and personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present advertising that appears more relevant based on your possible interests by this and other entities.
Use profiles to select personalised advertising 83 partners can use this purpose
Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on your advertising profiles, which can reflect your activity on this service or other websites or apps (like the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests and personal aspects.
Create profiles to personalise content 39 partners can use this purpose
Information about your activity on this service (for instance, forms you submit, non-advertising content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about you (such as your previous activity on this service or other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a profile about you (which might for example include possible interests and personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present content that appears more relevant based on your possible interests, such as by adapting the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find content that matches your interests.
Use profiles to select personalised content 35 partners can use this purpose
Content presented to you on this service can be based on your content personalisation profiles, which can reflect your activity on this or other services (for instance, the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests and personal aspects. This can for example be used to adapt the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find (non-advertising) content that matches your interests.
Measure advertising performance 134 partners can use this purpose
Information regarding which advertising is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine how well an advert has worked for you or other users and whether the goals of the advertising were reached. For instance, whether you saw an ad, whether you clicked on it, whether it led you to buy a product or visit a website, etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of advertising campaigns.
Measure content performance 61 partners can use this purpose
Information regarding which content is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine whether the (non-advertising) content e.g. reached its intended audience and matched your interests. For instance, whether you read an article, watch a video, listen to a podcast or look at a product description, how long you spent on this service and the web pages you visit etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of (non-advertising) content that is shown to you.
Understand audiences through statistics or combinations of data from different sources 74 partners can use this purpose
Reports can be generated based on the combination of data sets (like user profiles, statistics, market research, analytics data) regarding your interactions and those of other users with advertising or (non-advertising) content to identify common characteristics (for instance, to determine which target audiences are more receptive to an ad campaign or to certain contents).
Develop and improve services 83 partners can use this purpose
Information about your activity on this service, such as your interaction with ads or content, can be very helpful to improve products and services and to build new products and services based on user interactions, the type of audience, etc. This specific purpose does not include the development or improvement of user profiles and identifiers.
Use limited data to select content 37 partners can use this purpose
Content presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type, or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit the number of times a video or an article is presented to you).
Use precise geolocation data 46 partners can use this special feature
With your acceptance, your precise location (within a radius of less than 500 metres) may be used in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Actively scan device characteristics for identification 27 partners can use this special feature
With your acceptance, certain characteristics specific to your device might be requested and used to distinguish it from other devices (such as the installed fonts or plugins, the resolution of your screen) in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Ensure security, prevent and detect fraud, and fix errors 92 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
Your data can be used to monitor for and prevent unusual and possibly fraudulent activity (for example, regarding advertising, ad clicks by bots), and ensure systems and processes work properly and securely. It can also be used to correct any problems you, the publisher or the advertiser may encounter in the delivery of content and ads and in your interaction with them.
Deliver and present advertising and content 99 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
Certain information (like an IP address or device capabilities) is used to ensure the technical compatibility of the content or advertising, and to facilitate the transmission of the content or ad to your device.
Match and combine data from other data sources 72 partners can use this feature
Always Active
Information about your activity on this service may be matched and combined with other information relating to you and originating from various sources (for instance your activity on a separate online service, your use of a loyalty card in-store, or your answers to a survey), in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Link different devices 53 partners can use this feature
Always Active
In support of the purposes explained in this notice, your device might be considered as likely linked to other devices that belong to you or your household (for instance because you are logged in to the same service on both your phone and your computer, or because you may use the same Internet connection on both devices).
Identify devices based on information transmitted automatically 88 partners can use this feature
Always Active
Your device might be distinguished from other devices based on information it automatically sends when accessing the Internet (for instance, the IP address of your Internet connection or the type of browser you are using) in support of the purposes exposed in this notice.
Save and communicate privacy choices 69 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
The choices you make regarding the purposes and entities listed in this notice are saved and made available to those entities in the form of digital signals (such as a string of characters). This is necessary in order to enable both this service and those entities to respect such choices.
have your say